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The rise of microservice architectures has revolutionized application design, fostering adaptability and resilience. These architectures facilitate scaling and encourage collaborative efforts among specialized teams, streamlining deployment…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Herve Mbikayi Kabamba , Matthew Khouzam , Michel Dagenais

The transition from monolithic architecture to microservices has enhanced flexibility in application design and its scalable execution. This approach typically uses a computing cluster managed by a container orchestration platform to deploy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ming Chen , Muhammed Tawfiqul Islam , Maria Rodriguez Read , Rajkumar Buyya

The emerging 5G paradigm will enable multi-radio smartphones to run high-rate stream applications. However, since current smartphones remain resource and battery-limited, the 5G era opens new challenges on how to actually support these…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Enzo Baccarelli , Michele Scarpiniti , Alireza Momenzadeh

Microservice architecture has become a dominant paradigm in application development due to its advantages of being lightweight, flexible, and resilient. Deploying microservice applications in the container-based cloud enables fine-grained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zhengxin Fang , Hui Ma , Gang Chen , Rajkumar Buyya

Elasticity is a cloud property that enables applications and its execution systems to dynamically acquire and release shared computational resources on demand. Moreover, it unfolds the advantage of economies of scale in the cloud through a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Carlos Mera-Gómez , Francisco Ramírez , Rami Bahsoon , Rajkumar Buyya

As edge AI deployments scale to billions of devices running always-on, real-time compound AI pipelines, they represent a massive and largely unmanaged source of energy consumption and carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions while…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Kang Yang , Walid A. Hanafy , Prashant Shenoy , Mani Srivastava

The computing continuum extends the high-performance cloud data centers with energy-efficient and low-latency devices close to the data sources located at the edge of the network. However, the heterogeneity of the computing continuum raises…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Dragi Kimovski , Roland Mathá , Josef Hammer , Narges Mehran , Hermann Hellwagner , Radu Prodan

Context: Microservice-based systems have established themselves in the software industry. However, sustainability-related legislation and the growing costs of energy-hungry software increase the importance of energy efficiency for these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xingwen Xiao , Chushu Gao , Justus Bogner

We present a model for measuring the impact of offloading soft real-time jobs over multi-tier cloud infrastructures. The jobs originate in mobile devices and offloading strategies may choose to execute them locally, in neighbouring devices,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Joaquim Silva , Eduardo R. B. Marques , Luís M. B Lopes , Fernando Silva

The cloud is a new paradigm that is paving the way for new approaches and standards. The architectural styles are evolving in response to the cloud's requirements. In recent years, microservices have emerged as the preferred architectural…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-11 A. N. M. Sajedul Alam , Junaid Bin Kibria , Al Hasib Mahamud , Arnob Kumar Dey , Hasan Muhammed Zahidul Amin , Md Sabbir Hossain , Annajiat Alim Rasel

It is common for cloud data centers meeting unexpected loads like request bursts, which may lead to overloaded situation and performance degradation. Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling and VM consolidation have been proved effective to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Minxian Xu , Amir Vahid Dastjerdi , Rajkumar Buyya

Traffic and channel-data rate combined with the stream oriented methodology can provide a scheme for offering optimized and guaranteed QoS. In this work a stream oriented modeled scheme is proposed based on each node's self-scheduling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-09-10 Constandinos X. Mavromoustakis

The rapid growth of the digital economy and artificial intelligence has transformed cloud data centers into essential infrastructure with substantial energy consumption and carbon emission, necessitating effective energy management.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Yimeng Sun , Zhaohao Ding , Payman Dehghanian , Fei Teng

The proliferation of latency-critical and compute-intensive edge applications is driving increases in computing demand and carbon emissions at the edge. To better understand carbon emissions at the edge, we analyze granular carbon intensity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Li Wu , Walid A. Hanafy , Abel Souza , Khai Nguyen , Jan Harkes , David Irwin , Mahadev Satyanarayanan , Prashant Shenoy

Green computing represents a critical pathway to decarbonize the digital economy while maintaining technological progress. This article examines how sustainable IT strategies including energy-efficient hardware, AI-optimized data centres,…

The voluntary carbon market is an important building block in the fight against climate change. However, it is not trivial for consumers to verify whether carbon offset projects deliver what they promise. While technical solutions for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Klaudia Guzij , Michael Fröhlich , Florian Fincke , Albrecht Schmidt , Florian Alt

Cloud applications are increasingly shifting from large monolithic services, to large numbers of loosely-coupled, specialized microservices. Despite their advantages in terms of facilitating development, deployment, modularity, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Yanqi Zhang , Weizhe Hua , Zhuangzhuang Zhou , Edward Suh , Christina Delimitrou

Achieving resource efficiency while preserving end-user experience is non-trivial for cloud application operators. As cloud applications progressively adopt microservices, resource managers are faced with two distinct levels of system…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zibo Wang , Pinghe Li , Chieh-Jan Mike Liang , Feng Wu , Francis Y. Yan

Advances in technologies like artificial intelligence and metaverse have led to a proliferation of software systems in business and everyday life. With this widespread penetration, the carbon emissions of software are rapidly growing as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Rohit Mehra , Priyavanshi Pathania , Vibhu Saujanya Sharma , Vikrant Kaulgud , Sanjay Podder , Adam P. Burden

Unlike others, IoT-enabled technology has expanded its base in various sectors, including finance, healthcare, agriculture, energy, and so forth. Tens of thousands of applications and products have evolved in recent years, leading to a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Shajulin Benedict