Microservice architecture has become a dominant paradigm in application development due to its advantages of being lightweight, flexible, and resilient. Deploying microservice applications in the container-based cloud enables fine-grained elastic resource allocation. Autoscaling is an effective approach to dynamically adjust the resource provisioned to containers. However, the intricate microservice dependencies and the deployment scheme of the container-based cloud bring extra challenges of resource scaling. This article proposes a novel autoscaling approach named HGraphScale. In particular, HGraphScale captures microservice dependencies and the deployment scheme by a newly designed hierarchical graph neural network, and makes effective scaling actions for rapidly changing user requests workloads. Extensive experiments based on real-world traces of user requests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of HGraphScale. The experiment results show that the HGraphScale outperforms existing state-of-the-art autoscaling approaches by reducing at most 80.16\% of the average response time under a certain VM rental budget of application providers.
@article{arxiv.2511.01881,
title = {HGraphScale: Hierarchical Graph Learning for Autoscaling Microservice Applications in Container-based Cloud Computing},
author = {Zhengxin Fang and Hui Ma and Gang Chen and Rajkumar Buyya},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.01881},
year = {2025}
}