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As the frequency of cyber threats increases, conventional penetration testing is failing to capture the entirety of todays complex environments. To solve this problem, we propose the Vulnerability Mitigation System (VMS), a novel agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Farzana Abdulzada

Network threat detection has been challenging due to the complexities of attack activities and the limitation of historical threat data to learn from. To help enhance the existing practices of using analytics, machine learning, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Lili Zhang , Quanyan Zhu , Herman Ray , Ying Xie

In this paper, we investigate the impact of neural networks (NNs) topology on adversarial robustness. Specifically, we study the graph produced when an input traverses all the layers of a NN, and show that such graphs are different for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Morgane Goibert , Thomas Ricatte , Elvis Dohmatob

Graph neural network (GNN) is a powerful tool for analyzing graph-structured data. However, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks raises serious concerns, especially when dealing with sensitive information. Local Differential Privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Matta Varun , Ajay Kumar Dhakar , Yuan Hong , Shamik Sural

This paper introduces eX-NIDS, a framework designed to enhance interpretability in flow-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs). In our proposed framework, flows labelled as malicious by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Paul R. B. Houssel , Siamak Layeghy , Priyanka Singh , Marius Portmann

Online incivility has emerged as a widespread and persistent problem in digital communities, imposing substantial social and psychological burdens on users. Although many platforms attempt to curb incivility through moderation and automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zihan Chen , Lanyu Yu

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in processing graphs, they struggle with comprehending graphical structure information through prompts of graph description sequences, especially as the graph size increases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yukun Cao , Shuo Han , Zengyi Gao , Zezhong Ding , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for various graph mining tasks, yet existing scalable solutions often struggle to balance execution efficiency with prediction accuracy. These difficulties stem from iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xu Cheng , Liang Yao , Feng He , Yukuo Cen , Yufei He , Chenhui Zhang , Wenzheng Feng , Hongyun Cai , Jie Tang

With the extensive application of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) across various domains, their trustworthiness has emerged as a focal point of research. Some existing studies have shown that the integration of large language models (LLMs) can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ruizhan Xue , Huimin Deng , Fang He , Maojun Wang , Zeyu Zhang

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) built on artificial intelligence (AI) are presented as latent mechanisms for actively detecting fresh attacks over a complex network. Although review papers are used the systematic review or simple methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ziadoon K. Maseer , Robiah Yusof , Baidaa Al-Bander , Abdu Saif , Qusay Kanaan Kadhim

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been shown to possess strong representation abilities over graph data. However, GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, and even minor perturbations to the graph structure can significantly degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Abdullah Alchihabi , Qing En , Yuhong Guo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a spectrum of graph-related tasks, however concerns persist regarding their vulnerability to adversarial perturbations. While prevailing defense strategies focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sofiane Ennadir , Johannes F. Lutzeyer , Michalis Vazirgiannis , El Houcine Bergou

A Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an important tool that identifies potential threats to a network. Recently, different flow-based NIDS designs utilizing Machine Learning (ML) algorithms have been proposed as potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Loc Gia Nguyen , Kohei Watabe

Network attack is a significant security issue for modern society. From small mobile devices to large cloud platforms, almost all computing products, used in our daily life, are networked and potentially under the threat of network…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Peilun Wu , Hui Guo

Learning on Graphs has attracted immense attention due to its wide real-world applications. The most popular pipeline for learning on graphs with textual node attributes primarily relies on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and utilizes shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhikai Chen , Haitao Mao , Hang Li , Wei Jin , Hongzhi Wen , Xiaochi Wei , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Wenqi Fan , Hui Liu , Jiliang Tang

Most discussions about Large Language Model (LLM) safety have focused on single-agent settings but multi-agent LLM systems now create novel adversarial risks because their behavior depends on communication between agents and decentralized…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zhen Tan , Sukwon Yun , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen

Machine learning (ML)-based network intrusion detection is susceptible to attacks that perturb malicious network flows to evade detection. Existing approaches to evaluating the robustness of these models rely on gradient-based optimization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kyle Domico , Jean-Charles Noirot Ferrand , Patrick McDaniel

Despite extensive research on Machine Learning-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (ML-NIDS), their capability to detect diverse attack variants remains uncertain. Prior studies have largely relied on homogeneous datasets, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Xin Fan Guo , Albert Merono Penuela , Sergio Maffeis , Fabio Pierazzi

Embodied intelligence empowers agents with a profound sense of perception, enabling them to respond in a manner closely aligned with real-world situations. Large Language Models (LLMs) delve into language instructions with depth, serving a…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shuyuan Liu , Jiawei Chen , Shouwei Ruan , Hang Su , Zhaoxia Yin

With the increasing prevalence of cross-domain Text-Attributed Graph (TAG) Data (e.g., citation networks, recommendation systems, social networks, and ai4science), the integration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Large Language Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xunkai Li , Zhengyu Wu , Jiayi Wu , Hanwen Cui , Jishuo Jia , Rong-Hua Li , Guoren Wang