English
Related papers

Related papers: An Entropy-initiated Coupled-Trait ODE Framework f…

200 papers

We present a new method of generating mixture models for data with categorical attributes. The keys to this approach are an entropy-based density metric in categorical space and annealing of high-entropy/low-density components from an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-25 Cetin Savkli , Jeffrey Lin , Philip Graff , Matthew Kinsey

In large language models (LLMs), each block operates on the residual stream to map input token sequences to output token distributions. However, most of the interpretability literature focuses on internal latent representations, leaving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Riccardo Ali , Francesco Caso , Christopher Irwin , Pietro Liò

Shannon Entropy is the preeminent tool for measuring the level of uncertainty (and conversely, information content) in a random variable. In the field of communications, entropy can be used to express the information content of given…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Bill Kay , Audun Myers , Thad Boydston , Emily Ellwein , Cameron Mackenzie , Iliana Alvarez , Erik Lentz

Entropy is a fundamental concept from Thermodynamics and it can be used to study models on context of Creation Cold Dark Matter (CCDM). From conditions on the first ($\dot{S}\geq0$)\footnote{Throughout the present work we will use dots to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-02 R. Valentim , J. F. Jesus

The Earth's climate system is a classical example of a multiscale, multiphysics dynamical system with an extremely large number of active degrees of freedom, exhibiting variability on scales ranging from micrometers and seconds in cloud…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Gary Froyland , Dimitrios Giannakis , Benjamin Lintner , Maxwell Pike , Joanna Slawinska

Smooth dynamics interrupted by discontinuities are known as hybrid systems and arise commonly in nature. Latent ODEs allow for powerful representation of irregularly sampled time series but are not designed to capture trajectories arising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Ruian Shi , Quaid Morris

Complex institutions are typically characterized by meso-scale structures which are fundamental for the successful coordination of multiple agents. Here we introduce a framework to study the temporal dynamics of the node-community…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-11-05 Gabriele Lami , Marco Cristoforetti , Giuseppe Jurman , Cesare Furlanello , Tommaso Furlanello

Multimodal data is a precious asset enabling a variety of downstream tasks in machine learning. However, real-world data collected across different modalities is often not paired, which is a significant challenge to learn a joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Mustapha Bounoua , Giulio Franzese , Pietro Michiardi

We propose a new type of entropic descriptor that is able to quantify the statistical complexity (a measure of complex behaviour) by taking simultaneously into account the average departures of a system's entropy S from both its maximum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 R. Piasecki , A. Plastino

Unsupervised Outlier Detection (UOD) is an important data mining task. With the advance of deep learning, deep Outlier Detection (OD) has received broad interest. Most deep UOD models are trained exclusively on clean datasets to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yihong Huang , Yuang Zhang , Liping Wang , Fan Zhang , Xuemin Lin

Preserving biodiversity and ecosystem stability is a challenge that can be pursued through modern statistical mechanics modeling. Here we introduce a variational maximum entropy-based algorithm to evaluate the entropy in a minimal ecosystem…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-10-17 Mattia Miotto , Lorenzo Monacelli

We introduce Extrema-Segmented Entropy (ExSEnt), a feature-decomposed framework for quantifying time-series complexity that separates temporal from amplitude contributions. The method partitions a signal into monotonic segments by detecting…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-30 Sara Kamali , Fabiano Baroni , Pablo Varona

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly enhanced the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. We find existing fine-tuning datasets frequently suffer from the "answer right but reasoning wrong" probelm, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zihang Li , Yuhang Wang , Yikun Zong , Wenhan Yu , Xiaokun Yuan , Runhan Jiang , Zirui Liu , Tong Yang , Arthur Jiang

Hybrid training methods for large language models combine supervised fine tuning (SFT) on expert demonstrations with reinforcement learning (RL) on model rollouts, typically at the sample level. We propose Entropy Gated Selective Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yuelin Hu , Zhengxue Cheng , Wei Liu , Li Song

We develop and apply a learning framework for parameter estimation in initial value problems that are assessed only indirectly via aggregate data such as sample means and/or standard deviations. Our comprehensive framework follows Bayesian…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-27 Stephen McCoy , Daniel McBride , D. Katie McCullough , Benjamin C. Calfee , Erik Zinser , David Talmy , Ioannis Sgouralis

Analyzing data from multiple sources offers valuable opportunities to improve the estimation efficiency of causal estimands. However, this analysis also poses many challenges due to population heterogeneity and data privacy constraints.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-23 Rong Zhao , Jason Falvey , Xu Shi , Vernon M. Chinchilli , Chixiang Chen

Temporal causal representation learning is a powerful tool for uncovering complex patterns in observational studies, which are often represented as low-dimensional time series. However, in many real-world applications, data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jianhong Chen , Meng Zhao , Mostafa Reisi Gahrooei , Xubo Yue

Electronic health record (EHR) data are increasingly used to support real-world evidence (RWE) studies. Yet its ability to generate reliable RWE is limited by the lack of readily available precise information on the timing of clinical…

This work presents a novel framework for time series analysis using entropic measures based on the kernel density estimate (KDE) of the time series' Takens' embeddings. Using this framework we introduce two distinct analytical tools: (1) a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Audun Myers , Bill Kay , Iliana Alvarez , Michael Hughes , Cameron Mackenzie , Carlos Ortiz Marrero , Emily Ellwein , Erik Lentz

Chaos is a fundamental feature of many complex dynamical systems, including weather systems and fluid turbulence. These systems are inherently difficult to predict due to their extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. Many chaotic systems…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Andrea Goertzen , Sunbochen Tang , Navid Azizan