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Full waveform inversion (FWI) updates the velocity model by minimizing the discrepancy between observed and simulated data. However, discretization errors in numerical modeling and incomplete seismic data acquisition can introduce noise,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Xinru Mu , Omar M. Saad , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) requires an accurate estimation of source signatures. Due to the coupling between the source signatures and the subsurface model, small errors in the former can translate into large errors in the latter. When…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-25 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Frichnel W. Mamfoumbi-Ozoumet , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto

Traditional ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data inversion leverages iterative algorithms which suffer from high computation costs and low accuracy when applied to complex subsurface scenarios. Existing deep learning-based methods focus on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-21 Qiqi Dai , Yee Hui Lee , Hai-Han Sun , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear PDE constrained optimization problem, which seeks to estimate constitutive parameters of a medium such as phase velocity, density, and anisotropy, by fitting waveforms. Attenuation is an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-09 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stephane Operto

The forward full-wave modeling of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) facilitates the understanding and interpretation of GPR data. Traditional forward solvers require excessive computational resources, especially when their repetitive…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Qiqi Dai , Yee Hui Lee , Hai-Han Sun , Jiwei Qian , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

We propose and test the Direct Waveform Inversion (DWI) scheme to simultaneously invert for layered velocity and density profiles, using reflection seismic waveforms recorded on the surface. The recorded data include primary reflections and…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-08-10 Zhonghan Liu , Yingcai Zheng , Hua-Wei Zhou

Full waveform inversion (FWI) infers the subsurface structure information from seismic waveform data by solving a non-convex optimization problem. Data-driven FWI has been increasingly studied with various neural network architectures to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Min Zhu , Shihang Feng , Youzuo Lin , Lu Lu

In recent years, uncertainty-aware full waveform inversion (FWI) has received increasing attention, with a growing emphasis on producing informative uncertainty estimates alongside inversion results. Bayesian inference methods--particularly…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-14 Yunduo Li , Yijie Zhang , Xueyu Zhu , Jinghuai Gao

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful seismic imaging technique used to estimate high-resolution physical properties of subsurface structures by minimizing the misfit between observed and modeled seismic data. FWI is inherently a…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Kamal Aghazade , Toktam Zand , Ali Gholami

This study presents a technique for processing Stepfrequency continuous wave (SFCW) ground penetrating radar (GPR) data to detect tree roots. SFCW GPR is portable and enables precise control of energy levels, balancing depth and resolution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-31 Wenhao Luo , Yee Hui Lee , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

Moisture estimation of sub-surface soil and the overlaying biomass layer is pivotal in precision agriculture and wildfire risk assessment. However, the characterization of layered material is nontrivial due to the radar…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Ishfaq Aziz , Elahe Soltanaghai , Adam Watts , Mohamad Alipour

This paper introduces a novel CUDA-enabled PyTorch-based framework designed for the gradient-based optimization of such reconfigurable electromagnetic structures with electrically tunable parameters. Traditional optimization techniques for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Johannes Müller , Dennis Philipp , Matthias Günther

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced seismic inversion technique for quantitatively estimating subsurface properties. However, with FWI, it is hard to converge to a geologically-realistic subsurface model. Thus, we propose a…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yuanyuan Li , Hao Zhang , Zhuoqi Yan , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an inverse problem for estimating the wave velocity distribution in a given domain, based on observed data on the boundaries. The inversion is computationally demanding because we are required to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Matan Goren , Eran Treister

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a large-scale nonlinear ill-posed problem for which computationally expensive Newton-type methods can become trapped in undesirable local minima, particularly when the initial model lacks a low-wavenumber…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-02-23 Ali Gholami

Full waveform inversion (FWI) aims to reconstruct unknown physical coefficients in wave equations using the wavefield data generated from multiple incoming sources. In this work, we propose an offline-online computational strategy for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Wen Ding , Kui Ren , Lu Zhang

Subsurface property neural network reparameterized full waveform inversion (FWI) has emerged as an effective unsupervised learning framework, which can invert stably with an inaccurate starting model. It updates the trainable neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ruihua Chen , Bangyu Wu , Meng Li , Kai Yang

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed problem that aims to recover subsurface velocity maps from surface-recorded seismic waveforms data. Existing data-driven FWI typically uses small models, as available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yinan Feng , Peng Jin , Yuzhe Guo , Yinpeng Chen , Youzuo Lin

The reconstruction of the 3D permittivity map from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data is of great importance for mapping subsurface environments and inspecting underground structural integrity. Traditional iterative 3D reconstruction…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Qiqi Dai , Yee Hui Lee , Hai-Han Sun , Genevieve Ow , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a standard algorithm in seismic imaging. Its implementation requires the a priori choice of a number of "design parameters", such as the positions of sensors for the actual measurements and one (or more)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Shaunagh Downing , Silvia Gazzola , Ivan G. Graham , Euan A. Spence