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Objectives: Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution geophysical imaging technique that reconstructs subsurface velocity models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between predicted and observed seismic data. However, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinyi Zhang , Caiyun Liu , Jie Xiong , Qingfeng Yu

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution seismic imaging method that estimates subsurface velocity by matching simulated and recorded waveforms. However, FWI is highly nonlinear, prone to cycle skipping, and sensitive to noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an advanced geophysical inversion technique. In fields such as oil exploration and geology, FWI is used for providing images of subsurface structures with higher resolution. The conventional algorithm…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-06 Jiahang Li , Hitoshi Mikada , Junichi Takekawa

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is an important geophysical technique considered in subsurface property prediction. It solves the inverse problem of predicting high-resolution Earth interior models from seismic data. Traditional FWI methods…

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a seismic imaging method that provides quantitative inference about subsurface properties with a wavelength-scale resolution. Its frequency-domain formulation is computationally efficient when processing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-18 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Kamal Aghazade , Mahdi Sonbolestan , Stephane Operto

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is able to construct high-resolution subsurface models by iteratively minimizing discrepancies between observed and simulated seismic data. However, its implementation can be rather involved for complex wave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Feng Liu , Haipeng Li , Guangyuan Zou , Junlun Li

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is crucial for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface models, but it is often hindered, considering the limited data, by its null space resulting in low-resolution models, and more importantly, by its…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-10-23 Xinquan Huang , Fu Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

We propose a formulation of full-wavefield inversion (FWI) as a constrained optimization problem, and describe a computationally efficient technique for solving constrained full-wavefield inversion (CFWI). The technique is based on using a…

Geophysics · Physics 2014-10-28 Musa Maharramov , Biondo Biondi

Accurate estimation of subsurface material properties, such as soil moisture, is critical for wildfire risk assessment and precision agriculture. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive geophysical technique widely used to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Zixin Wang , Ishfaq Aziz , Mohamad Alipour

Full waveform inversion (FWI) has the potential to provide high-resolution subsurface model estimations. However, due to limitations in observation, e.g., regional noise, limited shots or receivers, and band-limited data, it is hard to…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-30 Fu Wang , Xinquan Huang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear computational imaging technique that can provide detailed estimates of subsurface geophysical properties. Solving the FWI problem can be challenging due to its ill-posedness and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Renán Rojas-Gómez , Jihyun Yang , Youzuo Lin , James Theiler , Brendt Wohlberg

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a technique employed to attain a high resolution subsurface velocity model. However, FWI results are effected by the limited illumination of the model domain and the quality of that illumination, which is…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Lingyun Yang , Omar M. Saad , Guochen Wu , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative identification process that serves to minimize the misfit of model-based simulated and experimentally measured wave field data, with the goal of identifying a field of parameters for a given…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ernst Rank

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) estimates physical parameters in the wave equation from limited measurements and has been widely applied in geophysical exploration, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing. Conventional FWI methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruihua Chen , Yisi Luo , Bangyu Wu , Deyu Meng

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative nonlinear waveform matching procedure subject to wave-equation constraint. FWI is highly nonlinear when the wave-equation constraint is enforced at each iteration. To mitigate nonlinearity,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stephane Operto

Wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) has been considered a potential solution to the issue of local minima inherent in conventional full waveform inversion (FWI) methods. However, most current WRI research has been confined to 2D…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-25 Zhilong Fang , Jingjing Zong

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has emerged as a prominent tool for imaging internal defects in cylindrical structures, such as columns, utility poles, and tree trunks. However, accurately reconstructing both the shape and permittivity of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jiwei Qian , Yee Hui Lee , Kaixuan Cheng , Qiqi Dai , Arda Yalcinkaya , Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof , James Wang , Abdulkadir C. Yucel

Complex salt geometries and strong velocity contrasts pose significant challenges for velocity model building and subsalt imaging. Although full waveform inversion (FWI) provides high-resolution velocity models, its performance strongly…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-30 Siyuan Dong , Jinghuai Gao , Yunduo Li , Zhaoqi Gao , Baohai Wu , Feng Liu

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) has seen promising advancements through deep learning. Existing approaches typically focus on task-specific models trained and evaluated in isolation that lead to limited generalization across different…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Koustav Ghosal , Abhranta Panigrahi , Arnav Chavan , ArunSingh , Deepak Gupta

Full waveform inversion (FWI) can be expressed in a Bayesian framework, where the associated uncertainties are captured by the posterior probability distribution (PPD). In practice, solving Bayesian FWI with sampling-based methods such as…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 Shuhua Hu , Mrinal K Sen , Zeyu Zhao , Abdelrahman Elmeliegy , Shuo Zhang