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Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly replacing help forums like StackOverflow, and are especially helpful for non-professional programmers and end users. These users are often interested in data-centric tasks, such as spreadsheet…

Demonstration selection is a practical bottleneck in in-context learning (ICL): under a tight prompt budget, accuracy can change substantially depending on which few-shot examples are included, yet selection must remain cheap enough to run…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xubin Wang , Weijia Jia

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to specific domains often faces a critical bottleneck: the scarcity of high-quality, human-curated data. While large volumes of unchecked data are readily available, indiscriminately using them for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jian Wu , Hang Yu , Bingchang Liu , Wenjie Yang , Peng Di , Jianguo Li , Yue Zhang

We propose a new method, Adversarial In-Context Learning (adv-ICL), to optimize prompt for in-context learning (ICL) by employing one LLM as a generator, another as a discriminator, and a third as a prompt modifier. As in traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xuan Long Do , Yiran Zhao , Hannah Brown , Yuxi Xie , James Xu Zhao , Nancy F. Chen , Kenji Kawaguchi , Michael Shieh , Junxian He

In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) delivers strong few-shot performance by choosing few-shot demonstrations from the entire training data. However, existing ICL methods, which rely on similarity or diversity scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiarui Jin , Yuwei Wu , Haoxuan Li , Xiaoting He , Weinan Zhang , Yiming Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Mengyue Yang

The emergence of long-context large language models (LLMs) has enabled the use of hundreds, or even thousands, of demonstrations for in-context learning (ICL) - a previously impractical regime. This paper investigates whether traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Arjun R. Akula , Kazuma Hashimoto , Krishna Srinivasan , Aditi Chaudhary , Karthik Raman , Michael Bendersky

This paper investigates demonstration selection strategies for predicting a user's next point-of-interest (POI) using large language models (LLMs), aiming to accurately forecast a user's subsequent location based on historical check-in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ryo Nishida , Masayuki Kawarada , Tatsuya Ishigaki , Hiroya Takamura , Masaki Onishi

In-context learning (ICL) is an effective approach to help large language models (LLMs) adapt to various tasks by providing demonstrations of the target task. Considering the high cost of labeling demonstrations, many methods propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Dingzirui Wang , Xuanliang Zhang , Qiguang Chen , Longxu Dou , Xiao Xu , Rongyu Cao , Yingwei Ma , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Binhua Li , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

While most generative models show achievements in image data generation, few are developed for tabular data generation. Recently, due to success of large language models (LLM) in diverse tasks, they have also been used for tabular data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in synthetic tabular data generation, yet existing methods struggle to preserve complex feature dependencies, particularly among categorical variables. This work introduces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Andrey Sidorenko

In-context learning (ICL) is an emerging capability of large autoregressive language models where a few input-label demonstrations are appended to the input to enhance the model's understanding of downstream NLP tasks, without directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Large language models (LLMs) perform in-context learning (ICL) with minimal supervised examples, which benefits various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. One of the critical research focus is the selection of prompt demonstrations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Haoyang Chen , Richong Zhang , Junfan Chen

Clinical decision support systems require models that are not only highly accurate but also equitable and sensitive to the implications of missed diagnoses. In this study, we introduce a knowledge-guided in-context learning (ICL) framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio di Sciascio

While most existing works on LLM prompting techniques focus only on how to select a better set of data samples inside one single prompt input (In-Context Learning or ICL), why can not we design and leverage multiple prompts together to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bingsheng Yao , Guiming Chen , Ruishi Zou , Yuxuan Lu , Jiachen Li , Shao Zhang , Yisi Sang , Sijia Liu , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

In-context learning (ICL) is a new paradigm for natural language processing that utilizes Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-like models. This approach uses prompts that include in-context demonstrations to generate the corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Momin Abbas , Yi Zhou , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Horst Samulowitz , Theodoros Salonidis , Tianyi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning capabilities across diverse applications. In this work, we explore the effectiveness of LLMs for generating realistic synthetic tabular data, identifying key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jinhee Kim , Taesung Kim , Jaegul Choo

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) infers a reward function from demonstrations, allowing for policy improvement and generalization. However, despite much recent interest in IRL, little work has been done to understand the minimum set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Daniel S. Brown , Scott Niekum

Large language models (LLMs) are capable to perform complex reasoning by in-context learning (ICL) when provided with a few input-output demonstrations (demos) and more powerful when intermediate reasoning steps ("chain of thoughts (CoT)")…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Jiuhai Chen , Lichang Chen , Chen Zhu , Tianyi Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs), originally developed for natural language processing (NLP), have demonstrated the potential to generalize across modalities and domains. With their in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, LLMs can perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nikolaos Pavlidis , Vasilis Perifanis , Symeon Symeonidis , Pavlos S. Efraimidis

The In-Context Learning (ICL) is to understand a new task via a few demonstrations (aka. prompt) and predict new inputs without tuning the models. While it has been widely studied in NLP, it is still a relatively new area of research in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yanpeng Sun , Qiang Chen , Xiaofan Li , Jian Wang , Jingdong Wang , Zechao Li