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In this paper we collect the main properties of free curves in the complex projective plane and a lot of conjectures and open problems, both old and new. In the quest to understand the mystery of free curves, many tools were developed and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Alexandru Dimca

One of the key steps in the proof of the Banach-Tarski Theorem is the introduction of a free group of rotations. First, a free group of reduced words is generated where each element of the set is represented as an ACL2 list. Then we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Jagadish Bapanapally , Ruben Gamboa

For a countable group G = <A | R> presented by its generators A and defining relations R we discuss a simple method to embed G into such a 2-generator group T that the images of generators from A are explicitly given in T, and the defining…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-31 V. H. Mikaelian

A near-group category is an additively semisimple category with a product such that all but one of the simple objects is invertible. We classify braided structures on near-group categories, and give explicit numerical formulas for their…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jacob A. Siehler

There exist very lucid explanations of the combinatorial origins of rational and algebraic functions, in particular with respect to regular and context free languages. In the search to understand how to extend these natural correspondences,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Marni Mishna , Mike Zabrocki

As an instance of a linear action of a Hopf algebra on a free associative algebra, we consider finite group gradings of a free algebra induced by gradings on the space spanned by the free generators. The homogeneous component corresponding…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-11-12 Vitor O. Ferreira , Lucia S. I. Murakami

We present, in the same vein as in [20] and [21], some results of the so-called "Smooth (or $\mathcal{C}^\infty$) Commutative Algebra", a version of Commutative Algebra of $\mathcal{C}^{\infty}-$rings instead of ordinary commutative unital…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Jean Cerqueira Berni , Hugo Luiz Mariano

For a set $X\subseteq \mathbb{N}$, we define the $X$-torsion of a group $G$ to be all elements $g\in G$ with $g^{n}=e$ for some $n\in X$. With $X$ recursively enumerable, we give two independent proofs (group-theoretic, and model-theoretic)…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Maurice Chiodo , Zachiri McKenzie

Let $K\langle X\rangle =K\langle X_1,...,X_n\rangle$ be the free algebra of $n$ generators over a field $K$, and let $R\langle X\rangle =R\langle X_1,...,X_n\rangle$ be the free algebra of $n$ generators over an arbitrary commutative ring…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2010-05-31 Huishi Li

We prove that any fusion category over $\mathbb{C}$ with exactly one non-invertible simple object is spherical. Furthermore, we classify all such categories that come equipped with a braiding.

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2011-02-24 Josiah Thornton

In this paper we develop the formalism of rational complex Bezier curves. This framework is a simple extension of the CAD paradigm, since it describes arc of curves in terms of control polygons and weights, which are extended to complex…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-10 A. Canton , L. Fernandez-Jambrina , M. J. Vazquez-Gallo

There is an infinitely generated free subgroup of the smooth knot concordance group with the property that no nontrivial element in this subgroup can be represented by an alternating knot. This subgroup has the further property that every…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-07-21 Stefan Friedl , Charles Livingston , Raphael Zentner

First we identify the free algebras of the class of algebras of binary relations equipped with the composition and domain operations. Elements of the free algebras are pointed labelled finite rooted trees. Then we extend to the analogous…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-30 Brett McLean

A finite non-degenerate set-theoretic solution $(X,r)$ of the Yang-Baxter equation gives rise to a structure skew brace $B(X,r)$ that is a $\lambda_f$-skew brace, i.e. every element has finitely many $\lambda$-images, and whose additive…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Rosa Cascella , Silvia Properzi , Arne Van Antwerpen

This paper is devoted to study gauge embedding of either commutative and noncommutative theories in the framework of the symplectic formalism. We illustrate our ideas in the Proca model, the irrotational fluid model and the noncommutative…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Clifford Neves , Wilson Oliveira , Davi C. Rodrigues , Clovis Wotzasek

We introduce a novel algebraic structure called di-skew brace by which we show that generalized digroups systematically yield bijective, non-degenerate solutions to the set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equation. We study the structural properties…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Andrea Albano , Paola Stefanelli

We study a subset of square free positive braids and we give a few algebraic characterizations of them and one geometric characterization: the set of positive braids whose closures are unlinks. We describe canonical forms of these braids…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2010-04-01 Rehana Ashraf , Barbu Berceanu

Symmetric homology is an analog of cyclic homology in which the cyclic groups are replaced by symmetric groups. The foundations for the theory of symmetric homology of algebras are developed in the context of crossed simplicial groups using…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2008-07-29 Shaun Ault

We study the Hecke algebra $\H(\bq)$ over an arbitrary field $\FF$ of a Coxeter system $(W,S)$ with independent parameters $\bq=(q_s\in\FF:s\in S)$ for all generators. This algebra is always linearly spanned by elements indexed by the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-04 Jia Huang

The fundamental group of the complement of a hyperplane arrangement plays an important role in studying the corresponding arrangements. In particular, for large families of hyperplane arrangements, this fundamental group, being isomorphic…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-04-30 Michael Friedman , David Garber