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Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting boosts Large Language Models accuracy on multi-step tasks, yet whether the generated "thoughts" reflect the true internal reasoning process is unresolved. We present the first feature-level causal study of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Xi Chen , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein

This work aims at decreasing the end-to-end generation latency of large language models (LLMs). One of the major causes of the high generation latency is the sequential decoding approach adopted by almost all state-of-the-art LLMs. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Xuefei Ning , Zinan Lin , Zixuan Zhou , Zifu Wang , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Reasoning capability is pivotal for Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks, yet achieving reliable and scalable reasoning remains challenging. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a mainstream approach, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Honglin Lin , Qizhi Pei , Xin Gao , Zhuoshi Pan , Yu Li , Juntao Li , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) achieve promising performance but compromise token efficiency due to verbose reasoning processes. Unconscious Thought Theory (UTT) posits that complex problems can be solved more efficiently through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruihan Gong , Yue Liu , Wenjie Qu , Mingzhe Du , Yufei He , Yingwei Ma , Yulin Chen , Xiang Liu , Yi Wen , Xinfeng Li , Ruidong Wang , Xinzhong Zhu , Bryan Hooi , Jiaheng Zhang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has achieved remarkable success in unlocking the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Although CoT prompting enhances reasoning, its verbosity imposes substantial computational overhead.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifan Wang , Shiyu Li , Peiming Li , Xiaochen Yang , Yang Tang , Zheng Wei

To improve the ability of the large language model (LLMs) to tackle complex reasoning problems, chain-of-thoughts (CoT) methods were proposed to guide LLMs to reason step-by-step, enabling problem solving from simple to complex.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Siwei Han , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

In this paper, we introduce Concise Chain-of-Thought (CCoT) prompting. We compared standard CoT and CCoT prompts to see how conciseness impacts response length and correct-answer accuracy. We evaluated this using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Matthew Renze , Erhan Guven

Standard chain-of-thought reasoning generates a solution in a single forward pass, committing irrevocably to each token and lacking a mechanism to recover from early errors. We introduce Inference-Time Rethinking, a generative framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Deqian Kong , Minglu Zhao , Aoyang Qin , Bo Pang , Chenxin Tao , David Hartmann , Edouardo Honig , Dehong Xu , Amit Kumar , Matt Sarte , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Ying Nian Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) solve many reasoning tasks via chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, but smaller models (about 7 to 8B parameters) still struggle with multi-step reasoning under tight compute and token budgets. Existing test time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Sagnik Chatterjee , Atharva Patil , Sricharan Ramesh

Chain-of-thought (CoT) via prompting is the de facto method for eliciting reasoning capabilities from large language models (LLMs). But for what kinds of tasks is this extra ``thinking'' really helpful? To analyze this, we conducted a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zayne Sprague , Fangcong Yin , Juan Diego Rodriguez , Dongwei Jiang , Manya Wadhwa , Prasann Singhal , Xinyu Zhao , Xi Ye , Kyle Mahowald , Greg Durrett

To reduce the cost and consumption of computing resources caused by computational redundancy and delayed reward assignment in long CoT, this research proposes the dynamic chain-of-thought (D-CoT) with adaptive reasoning time and steps. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Libo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on complex reasoning by leveraging chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to generate intermediate reasoning chains as the rationale to infer the answer. However, existing CoT studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zhuosheng Zhang , Aston Zhang , Mu Li , Hai Zhao , George Karypis , Alex Smola

Chain-of-Thought reasoning has significantly enhanced the problem-solving capabilities of Large Language Models. Unfortunately, current models generate reasoning steps sequentially without foresight, often becoming trapped in suboptimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Guoming Ling , Zhongzhan Huang , Yupei Lin , Junxin Li , Shanshan Zhong , Hefeng Wu , Liang Lin

Prompting-based large language models (LLMs) are surprisingly powerful at generating natural language reasoning steps or Chains-of-Thoughts (CoT) for multi-step question answering (QA). They struggle, however, when the necessary knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has demonstrated the capacity of large language models to perform complex reasoning through intermediate steps. While effective, current CoT methods face challenges: Zero-shot-CoT can lead to reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Ziqi Jin , Wei Lu

Reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior capacities in solving complicated problems by generating long chain-of-thoughts (CoT), but such a lengthy CoT incurs high inference costs. Previous methods on inference-stage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minjia Mao , Bowen Yin , Yu Zhu , Xiao Fang

Inference-time computation has emerged as a promising scaling axis for improving large language model reasoning. However, despite yielding impressive performance, the optimal allocation of inference-time computation remains poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Parsa Mirtaheri , Ezra Edelman , Samy Jelassi , Eran Malach , Enric Boix-Adsera

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps Large Language Models (LLMs) tackle complex reasoning by eliciting explicit step-by-step rationales. However, CoT's verbosity increases latency and memory usage and may propagate early errors across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hongyu Shan , Mingyang Song , Chang Dai , Di Liang , Han Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can often produce substantially better outputs when allowed to use additional test-time computation, such as sampling, chain of thought, backtracking, or revising partial solutions. Despite the growing empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Amir Azarmehr , Soheil Behnezhad , Alma Ghafari

Large language models (LLMs) are typically constrained to reason in the language space, where they express the reasoning process through a chain-of-thought (CoT) to solve complex problems. However, the language space may not always be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shibo Hao , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , DiJia Su , Xian Li , Zhiting Hu , Jason Weston , Yuandong Tian