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Despite rapid progress in multimodal foundation models, embodied intelligence community still lacks a unified, physically grounded foundation model that integrates perception, reasoning, and planning within real-world spatial-temporal…

Foundation Models have demonstrated significant success across various domains in Artificial Intelligence (AI), yet their capabilities for brainwave modeling remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluate current Large Brainwave…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Na Lee , Konstantinos Barmpas , Yannis Panagakis , Dimitrios Adamos , Nikolaos Laskaris , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs) offer transformative potential for next-generation high-performance AI but require interdisciplinary advances across devices, circuits, architecture, and design automation. The complexity of…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-22 Ziang Yin , Meng Zhang , Amir Begovic , Rena Huang , Jeff Zhang , Jiaqi Gu

Ultrasound brain imaging remains challenging due to the large difference in sound speed between the skull and brain tissues and the difficulty of coupling large probes to the skull. This work aims to achieve quantitative transcranial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shengyu Chen , Shihang Feng , Yi Luo , Xiaowei Jia , Youzuo Lin

Brain network analysis is a useful approach to studying human brain disorders because it can distinguish patients from healthy people by detecting abnormal connections. Due to the complementary information from multiple modal neuroimages,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-22 Qiankun Zuo , Yanfei Zhu , Libin Lu , Zhi Yang , Yuhui Li , Ning Zhang

To characterize atypical brain dynamics under diseases, prevalent studies investigate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, most of the existing analyses compress rich spatial-temporal information as the brain functional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-08 Xiaozhao Liu , Mianxin Liu , Lang Mei , Yuyao Zhang , Feng Shi , Han Zhang , Dinggang Shen

Healthcare data now span EHRs, medical imaging, genomics, and wearable sensors, but most diagnostic models still process these modalities in isolation. This limits their ability to capture early, cross-modal disease signatures. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Md Talha Mohsin , Ismail Abdulrashid

Functional brain network analysis has become an indispensable tool for brain disease analysis. It is profoundly impacted by deep learning methods, which can characterize complex connections between ROIs. However, the research on foundation…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Yifei Tang , Hongjie Jiang , Changhong Jing , Hieu Pham , Shuqiang Wang

Single-subject mapping of resting-state brain functional activity to non-imaging phenotypes is a major goal of neuroimaging. The large majority of learning approaches applied today rely either on static representations or on short-term…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Ahmed El-Gazzar , Rajat Mani Thomas , Guido Van Wingen

Developing Foundation Models for medical image analysis is essential to overcome the unique challenges of radiological tasks. The first challenges of this kind for 3D brain MRI, SSL3D and FOMO25, were held at MICCAI 2025. Our solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Pedro M. Gordaliza , Jaume Banus , Benoît Gérin , Maxence Wynen , Nataliia Molchanova , Jonas Richiardi , Meritxell Bach Cuadra

The human brain is a complex, dynamic network, which is commonly studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and modeled as network of Regions of interest (ROIs) for understanding various brain functions. Recent studies…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-26 Yifan Yang , Yutong Mao , Xufu Liu , Xiao Liu

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an emerging neuroimaging modality that is commonly modeled as networks of Regions of Interest (ROIs) and their connections, named functional connectivity, for understanding the brain functions…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-01 Haokai Zhao , Haowei Lou , Lina Yao , Yu Zhang

Multimodal medical image fusion helps in combining contrasting features from two or more input imaging modalities to represent fused information in a single image. One of the pivotal clinical applications of medical image fusion is the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-09-20 Nishant Kumar , Nico Hoffmann , Martin Oelschlägel , Edmund Koch , Matthias Kirsch , Stefan Gumhold

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables noninvasive investigation of brain function, while short clinical scan durations, arising from human and non-human factors, usually lead to reduced data quality and limited statistical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yunlong Gao , Jinbo Yang , Li Xiao , Haiye Huo , Yang Ji , Hao Wang , Aiying Zhang , Yu-Ping Wang

Structural and functional neuroimaging modalities provide complementary windows into brain organization: structural imaging characterizes neural tissue anatomy and microstructure, while functional imaging captures dynamic patterns of neural…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Sakul Mahat , Sharmistha Guha , Jessica Bernard

Pseudo-healthy image inpainting is an essential preprocessing step for analyzing pathological brain MRI scans. Most current inpainting methods favor slice-wise 2D models for their high in-plane fidelity, but their independence across slices…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-25 Dou Hoon Kwark , Shirui Luo , Xiyue Zhu , Yudu Li , Zhi-Pei Liang , Volodymyr Kindratenko

In modern neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a crucial and irreplaceable tool that provides a non-invasive window into the dynamics of whole-brain activity. Nevertheless, fMRI is limited by hemodynamic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Yamin Li , Ange Lou , Ziyuan Xu , Shiyu Wang , Catie Chang

Foundation models are emerging as a powerful paradigm for fMRI analysis, but current approaches face a dual bottleneck of data- and training-efficiency. Atlas-based methods aggregate voxel signals into fixed regions of interest, reducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mo Wang , Junfeng Xia , Wenhao Ye , Enyu Liu , Kaining Peng , Jianfeng Feng , Quanying Liu , Hongkai Wen

Finding an appropriate representation of dynamic activities in the brain is crucial for many downstream applications. Due to its highly dynamic nature, temporally averaged fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) can only provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Sikun Lin , Shuyun Tang , Scott Grafton , Ambuj Singh

This paper presents an annotated dataset of brain MRI images designed to advance the field of brain symmetry study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained interest in analyzing brain symmetry in neonatal infants, and challenges remain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Arnaud Gucciardi , Safouane El Ghazouali , Francesca Venturini , Vida Groznik , Umberto Michelucci