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General Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning, but those enhanced for translation struggle with reasoning tasks. To address this, we propose a novel translationenhanced recipe that begins with instruct models and applies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changjiang Gao , Zixian Huang , Jingyang Gong , Shujian Huang , Lei Li , Fei Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

The LoRA-finetuning quantization of LLMs has been extensively studied to obtain accurate yet compact LLMs for deployment on resource-constrained hardware. However, existing methods cause the quantized LLM to severely degrade and even fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Xingyu Zheng , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu , Michele Magno

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable advanced natural language processing but face deployment challenges on resource-constrained edge devices due to high computational, memory, and energy demands. Optimizing these models requires addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Jacob Sander , Brian Jalaian , Venkat R. Dasari

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in various domains while the inference cost is expensive. Many previous studies exploit quantization methods to reduce LLM inference cost by reducing latency and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shiyao Li , Shan Huang , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Guohao Dai

Finetuned large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in financial tasks, such as sentiment analysis and information retrieval. Due to privacy concerns, finetuning and deploying Financial LLMs (FinLLMs) locally are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dannong Wang , Daniel Kim , Bo Jin , Xingjian Zhao , Tianfan Fu , Steve Yang , Xiao-Yang Liu

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for deploying them on devices with limited computational resources. While advanced quantization algorithms offer improved performance compared to the basic linear quantization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jaewoo Song , Fangzhen Lin

Large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance in solving complex language tasks. However, its large number of parameters presents significant challenges for the deployment. So, compressing LLMs to low bits can enable to deploy on…

The rapid scaling of language models (LMs) has resulted in unprecedented computational, memory, and energy requirements, making their training and deployment increasingly unsustainable. Quantization has emerged as an essential compression…

The high memory demands of the Key-Value (KV) Cache during the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) severely restrict their deployment in resource-constrained platforms. Quantization can effectively alleviate the memory pressure caused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fei Li , Song Liu , Weiguo Wu , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang

Increasing the number of parameters in large language models (LLMs) usually improves performance in downstream tasks but raises compute and memory costs, making deployment difficult in resource-limited settings. Quantization techniques,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Renren Jin , Jiangcun Du , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Deyi Xiong

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a trending paradigm for training reasoning large language models (LLMs). However, due to the autoregressive decoding nature of LLMs, the rollout process becomes the efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuhang Li , Reena Elangovan , Xin Dong , Priyadarshini Panda , Brucek Khailany

The full-size MLPs and the projection layers in attention introduce tremendous model sizes of large language models (LLMs), consuming extensive computational resources in pre-training. We empirically observe that the activations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ziyue Liu , Ruijie Zhang , Zhengyang Wang , Mingsong Yan , Zi Yang , Paul Hovland , Bogdan Nicolae , Franck Cappello , Sui Tang , Zheng Zhang

Quantization significantly accelerates inference in large language models (LLMs) by replacing original high-precision matrices with low-precision counterparts. Recent advances in weight-activation quantization have primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenyuan Liu , Haoqian Meng , Yilun Luo , Yafei Zhao , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma

Six-bit quantization (FP6) can effectively reduce the size of large language models (LLMs) and preserve the model quality consistently across varied applications. However, existing systems do not provide Tensor Core support for FP6…

We demonstrate, for the first time, fully quantized training (FQT) of large language models (LLMs) using predominantly 4-bit floating-point (FP4) precision for weights, activations, and gradients on datasets up to 200 billion tokens. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Brian Chmiel , Maxim Fishman , Ron Banner , Daniel Soudry

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong potential for cybersecurity question answering (QA), supporting decision-making in real-time threat detection and response workflows. However, their substantial computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Onat Gungor , Roshan Sood , Harold Wang , Tajana Rosing

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuning technologies have achieved remarkable results. However, traditional LLM fine-tuning approaches face significant challenges: they require large Floating Point (FP) computation, raising privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sifan Zhou , Shuo Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Mingjia Shi , Yuzhang Shang , Dawei Yang

LLM decoding is bottlenecked for large batches and long contexts by loading the key-value (KV) cache from high-bandwidth memory, which inflates per-token latency, while the sequential nature of decoding limits parallelism. We analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ted Zadouri , Hubert Strauss , Tri Dao