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Large language model (LLM) agents are vulnerable to prompt-injection attacks that propagate through multi-step workflows, tool interactions, and persistent context, making input-output filtering alone insufficient for reliable protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hailin Liu , Eugene Ilyushin , Jie Ni , Min Zhu

This work demonstrates that LLM-based web navigation agents offer powerful automation capabilities but are vulnerable to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) attacks. We show that adversaries can embed universal adversarial triggers in webpage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Sam Johnson , Viet Pham , Thai Le

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems has highlighted their impressive capabilities in various applications, such as collaborative problem-solving and autonomous negotiation. However, the security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Tianjie Ju , Yiting Wang , Xinbei Ma , Pengzhou Cheng , Haodong Zhao , Yulong Wang , Lifeng Liu , Jian Xie , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Customer-service LLM agents increasingly make policy-bound decisions (refunds, rebooking, billing disputes), but the same ``helpful'' interaction style can be exploited: a small fraction of users can induce unauthorized concessions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingyu Zhang

Tool-use large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to support sensitive workflows, relying on tool calls for retrieval, external API access, and session memory management. While prior research has examined various threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wuyang Zhang , Shichao Pei

Autonomous agentic AI systems powered by vision-language models (VLMs) are rapidly advancing toward real-world deployment, yet their cross-modal reasoning capabilities introduce new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation that exploit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Hangoo Kang , Jehyeok Yeon , Gagandeep Singh

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Modern language models have enabled the development of agentic systems that achieve strong performance on reasoning-intensive tasks. Unfortunately, this has come with a security cost; these systems are vulnerable to prompt injection, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dennis Jacob , Emad Alghamdi , Zhanhao Hu , Basel Alomair , David Wagner

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have become widely used for enhancing large language model capabilities, but they introduce significant security vulnerabilities through prompt injection attacks. We present a comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Rapidly evolving cyberattacks demand incident response systems that can autonomously learn and adapt to changing threats. Prior work has extensively explored the reinforcement learning approach, which involves learning response strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yiran Gao , Kim Hammar , Tao Li

Safety evaluations of memory-equipped LLM agents typically measure within-task safety: whether an agent completes a single scenario safely, often under adversarial conditions such as prompt injection or memory poisoning. In deployment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Al-Tawaha , Shangding Gu , Peizhi Niu , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

Accomplishing household tasks requires to plan step-by-step actions considering the consequences of previous actions. However, the state-of-the-art embodied agents often make mistakes in navigating the environment and interacting with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Byeonghwi Kim , Jinyeon Kim , Yuyeong Kim , Cheolhong Min , Jonghyun Choi

In recent years, agentic artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming increasingly widespread. These systems allow agents to use various tools, such as web browsers, compilers, and more. However, despite their popularity, agentic AI…

The growing use of large language model (LLM)-based conversational agents to manage sensitive user data raises significant privacy concerns. While these agents excel at understanding and acting on context, this capability can be exploited…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Eugene Bagdasarian , Ren Yi , Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Peter Kairouz , Marco Gruteser , Sewoong Oh , Borja Balle , Daniel Ramage

Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly equipped with capabilities of real-time web search and integrated with protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP). This extension could introduce new security vulnerabilities. We present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Shuhang Lin , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang , Yao Liu , Lingyao Li

AI agents are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where malicious instructions embedded in external content or tool outputs cause unintended or harmful behavior. Inspired by the well-established concept of firewalls, we show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Kevin Kasa , Abhay Puri , Gabriel Huang , Irina Rish , Graham W. Taylor , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Alexandre Lacoste

Recently, applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in tackling complex tasks. By harnessing the advanced reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge embedded in LLMs, these applications can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yuyang Zhang , Kangjie Chen , Jiaxin Gao , Ronghao Cui , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Tianwei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming the preferred foundation platforms for many Natural Language Processing tasks such as Machine Translation, owing to their quality often comparable to or better than task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhifan Sun , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone
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