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Tangent numbers $T_{2n-1}$, which enumerate alternating permutations of odd length, play a prominent role in the Taylor series expansion of the tangent function $\tan(x)$. In this work, we adopt a combinatorial approach based on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Jean-Christophe Pain

Since the mathematicians of ancient Greece until Fermat, since Gauss until today; the way how the primes along the numerical straight line are distributed has become perhaps the most difficult math problem; many people believe that their…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-05-30 Jonas Castillo Toloza

In this paper we investigate the properties of the Euler functions. By using the Fourier transform for the Euler function, we derive the interesting formula related to the infinite series. Finally we give some interesting identities between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2008-08-14 Taekyun Kim

We consider the problem of simultaneous approximation to a number and to its square in a general framework that encompasses imaginary quadratic number fields and fields of rational functions in one variable. In this context, we construct…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-02 Samuel Pilon , Damien Roy

In this paper, we establish the following two congruences: \begin{gather*} \sum_{k=0}^{(p+1)/2}(3k-1)\frac{\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)_k^2\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)_k4^k}{k!^3}\equiv…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Chen Wang

In this paper we give an elementary proof of the local sum conjecture in two dimensions. In a remarkable paper [CMN, arXiv:1810.11340], this conjecture has been established in all dimensions using sophisticated, powerful techniques from a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-10-08 Robert Fraser , James Wright

The goal of this article is to introduce some beautiful known riddles in intuitive topology; hoping to make at least some fun for the reader.

General Topology · Mathematics 2010-05-21 Ruhollah Tavakoli

The Jacobi-Stirling numbers and the Legendre-Stirling numbers of the first and second kind were first introduced in [6], [7]. In this paper we note that Jacobi-Stirling numbers and Legendre-Stirling numbers are specializations of elementary…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-03 Pietro Mongelli

Various algebraic properties of Heilbronn's exponential sum can be deduced through the use of supercharacter theory, a novel extension of classical character theory due to Diaconis-Isaacs and Andre. This perspective yields a variety of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Stephan Ramon Garcia , Bob Lutz

We give some new relations for Newman digit sums respectively different modulos and put some problems. In particular, for the odd prime modulos we put an important conjecture.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Vladimir Shevelev

In many applications of the probabilistic method, one looks to study phenomena that occur ``with high probability''. More recently however, in an attempt to understand some of the most fundamental problems in combinatorics, researchers have…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Julian Sahasrabudhe

A new application of polytope theory to Lie theory is presented. Exponential sums of convex lattice polytopes are applied to the characters of irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras. The Brion formula is used to write a polytope…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. A. Walton

We explore the possibility of using machine learning to identify interesting mathematical structures by using certain quantities that serve as fingerprints. In particular, we extract features from integer sequences using two empirical laws:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Chai Wah Wu

We develop new aspects of the the of numerosity theory; more exactly, we emphasize its relation with the ordinal numbers, cardinal numbers, hyperreal numbers and surreal numbers. In particular, we combine the notion of numerosity with the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Vieri Benci

The purpose of this note is to raise two different questions, which are rarely if ever considered, and to which, it seems, we lack convincing, systematic answers. These questions can be posed as: - Why do we compute? - What do we compute?…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-20 Samson Abramsky

We geometrically study the Legendre duality relation that plays an important role in statistical physics with the standard or generalized entropies. For this purpose, we introduce dualistic structure defined by information geometry, and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Atsumi Ohara

Harmonic sums and their generalizations are extremely useful in the evaluation of higher-order perturbative corrections in quantum field theory. Of particular interest have been the so-called nested sums,where the harmonic sums and their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 S. Moch , P. Uwer

We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for $n!$ to be a sum of three squares. The condition is based on the binary representation of $n$ and can be expressed by the operation of an automaton.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-06 Rob Burns

In this paper, by the tools of circulant matrices and hyperelliptic curves over finite fields, we study some arithmetic properties of certain determinants involving the Legendre symbols and $k$-th residues.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Hai-Liang Wu , Li-Yuan Wang

This survey paper is not a complete reference guide to number-theoretical applications of ergodic theory. Instead, it considers an approach to a class of problems involving Diophantine properties of $n$-tuples of real numbers, namely,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dmitry Kleinbock