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Privacy policy documents are often lengthy, complex, and difficult for non-expert users to interpret, leading to a lack of transparency regarding the collection, processing, and sharing of personal data. As concerns over online privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Vijayalakshmi Ramasamy , Seth Barrett , Gokila Dorai , Jessica Zumbach

Privacy and ethics of citizens are at the core of the concerns raised by our increasingly digital society. Profiling users is standard practice for software applications triggering the need for users, also enforced by laws, to properly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Davide Di Ruscio , Paola Inverardi , Patrizio Migliarini , Phuong T. Nguyen

Understanding human activities and movements on the Web is not only important for computational social scientists but can also offer valuable guidance for the design of online systems for recommendations, caching, advertising, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Juhi Kulshrestha , Marcos Oliveira , Orkut Karacalik , Denis Bonnay , Claudia Wagner

Facebook and other advertising platforms exploit users data for marketing purposes by allowing advertisers to select specific users and target them (the practice is being called micro-targeting). However, advertisers such as Cambridge…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Salim Chouaki , Islem Bouzenia , Oana Goga , Beatrice Roussillon

This systematic literature review investigates perceptions, concerns, and expectations of young digital citizens regarding privacy in artificial intelligence (AI) systems, focusing on social media platforms, educational technology, gaming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ajay Kumar Shrestha , Ankur Barthwal , Molly Campbell , Austin Shouli , Saad Syed , Sandhya Joshi , Julita Vassileva

Today, many web advertising data flows involve passive cross-site tracking of users. Enabling such a mechanism through the usage of third party tracking cookies (3PC) exposes sensitive user data to a large number of parties, with little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Joseph J. Pfeiffer , Denis Charles , Davis Gilton , Young Hun Jung , Mehul Parsana , Erik Anderson

Firms collect vast amounts of behavioral and geographical data on individuals. While behavioral data captures an individual's digital footprint, geographical data reflects their physical footprint. Given the significant privacy risks…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-16 Mohammad Mosaffa , Omid Rafieian

Smartphone manufacturer provided default features (e.g., default location services, iCloud, Google Assistant, ad tracking) enhance the usability and extend the functionality of these devices. Prior studies have highlighted smartphone…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Kopo M. Ramokapane , Anthony C. Mazeli , Awais Rashid

The exponential growth in smartphone adoption is contributing to the availability of vast amounts of human behavioral data. This data enables the development of increasingly accurate data-driven user models that facilitate the delivery of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Souneil Park , Aleksandar Matic , Kamini Garg , Nuria Oliver

Browser fingerprinting often provides an attractive alternative to third-party cookies for tracking users across the web. In fact, the increasing restrictions on third-party cookies placed by common web browsers and recent regulations like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Igor Bilogrevic , Emiliano De Cristofaro

In the absence of data protection measures, software applications lead to privacy breaches, posing threats to end-users and software organisations. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) are technical measures that protect personal data,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Maisha Boteju , Thilina Ranbaduge , Dinusha Vatsalan , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Data privacy legislation, such as GDPR and CCPA/CPRA, has rendered data privacy law compliance a requirement of all software systems. Developers need to implement various kinds of functionalities to cover law needs, including user rights…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ioanna Theophilou , Georgia M. Kapitsaki

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are increasingly deployed at home, at work, and in other shared and public spaces. IoT devices collect and share data with service providers and third parties, which poses privacy concerns. Although privacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Jad Al Aaraj , Olivia Figueira , Tu Le , Isabela Figueira , Rahmadi Trimananda , Athina Markopoulou

Today's Web services - such as Google, Amazon, and Facebook - leverage user data for varied purposes, including personalizing recommendations, targeting advertisements, and adjusting prices. At present, users have little insight into how…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-10-08 Mathias Lecuyer , Guillaume Ducoffe , Francis Lan , Andrei Papancea , Theofilos Petsios , Riley Spahn , Augustin Chaintreau , Roxana Geambasu

Privacy Masking is a critical concept under data privacy involving anonymization and de-anonymization of personally identifiable information (PII). Privacy masking techniques rely on Named Entity Recognition (NER) approaches under NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Devansh Singh , Sundaraparipurnan Narayanan

Third-party tracking, the collection and sharing of behavioural data about individuals, is a significant and ubiquitous privacy threat in mobile apps. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in 2018 to protect…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Konrad Kollnig , Reuben Binns , Max Van Kleek , Ulrik Lyngs , Jun Zhao , Claudine Tinsman , Nigel Shadbolt

Modern privacy regulations provide a strict mandate for data processing entities to implement appropriate technical measures to demonstrate compliance. In practice, determining what measures are indeed "appropriate" is not trivial,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Oleksandra Klymenko , Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

Today's massive scale of data collection coupled with recent surges of consumer data leaks has led to increased attention towards data privacy and related risks. Conventional data privacy protection systems focus on reducing custodial risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Usmann Khan , Lun Wang , Jithendaraa Subramanian , Joseph P. Near , Dawn Song

Web tracking through third-party cookies is considered a threat to users' privacy and is supposed to be abandoned in the near future. Recently, Google proposed the Topics API framework as a privacy-friendly alternative for behavioural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Emilio Leonardi , Marco Mellia

Numerous surveys have shown that Web users are concerned about the loss of privacy associated with online tracking. Alarmingly, these surveys also reveal that people are also unaware of the amount of data sharing that occurs between ad…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Muhammad Ahmad Bashir , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson