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Autonomous optimization refers to the design of feedback controllers that steer a physical system to a steady state that solves a predefined, possibly constrained, optimization problem. As such, no exogenous control inputs such as setpoints…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Adrian Hauswirth , Saverio Bolognani , Gabriela Hug , Florian Dörfler

Utilizing distribution grid flexibility for ancillary services requires the coordination and dispatch of requested active and reactive power to a large number of distributed energy resources in underlying grid layers. This paper presents an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Irina Zettl , Florian Schmidtke , Lukas Ortmann , Andreas Ulbig

In this paper, we present a novel control scheme for feedback optimization. That is, we propose a discrete-time controller that can steer the steady state of a physical plant to the solution of a constrained optimization problem without…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-09 Verena Häberle , Adrian Hauswirth , Lukas Ortmann , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

Flexibility is increasingly gaining importance in modern power system operation. This paper presents a controller framework based on Online Feedback Optimization for real-time coordination of power system flexibility. The proposed approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Matthis Berger , Irina Zettl , Andreas Ulbig

Feedback optimization has emerged as a promising approach for regulating dynamical systems to optimal steady states that are implicitly defined by underlying optimization problems. Despite their effectiveness, existing methods face two key…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Gianluca Bianchin , Bryan Van Scoy

In this paper, we propose an optimal control-estimation architecture for distribution networks, which jointly solves the optimal power flow (OPF) problem and static state estimation (SE) problem through an online gradient-based feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-31 Yi Guo , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao , Lijun Chen , Gabriela Hug , Tyler H. Summers

Feedback-based online optimization algorithms have gained traction in recent years because of their simple implementation, their ability to reject disturbances in real time, and their increased robustness to model mismatch. While the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-20 Marcello Colombino , John W. Simpson-Porco , Andrey Bernstein

This paper introduces a new approach for output feedback stabilization of SISO systems which, unlike most of the techniques found in the literature, does not use high-gain observers and control input saturation to achieve separation between…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Manfredi Maggiore , Kevin Passino

Feedback optimization has emerged as a promising approach for optimizing the steady-state operation of dynamical systems while requiring minimal modeling efforts. Unfortunately, most existing feedback optimization methods rely on knowledge…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Amir Mehrnoosh , Gianluca Bianchin

This paper proposes a unifying design framework for dynamic feedback controllers that track solution trajectories of time-varying generalized equations, such as local minimizers of nonlinear programs or competitive equilibria (e.g., Nash)…

This paper develops and analyzes feedback-based online optimization methods to regulate the output of a linear time-invariant (LTI) dynamical system to the optimal solution of a time-varying convex optimization problem. The design of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Marcello Colombino , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Andrey Bernstein

Online Feedback Optimization is a method used to steer the operation of a process plant to its optimal operating point without explicitly solving a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. This is achieved by leveraging a linear plant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-08 M. Zagorowska , M. Degner , L. Ortmann , A. Ahmed , S. Bolognani , E. A. del Rio Chanona , M. Mercangoz

Feedback optimization optimizes the steady state of a dynamical system by implementing optimization iterations in closed loop with the plant. It relies on online measurements and limited model information, namely, the input-output…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Winnie Chan , Zhiyu He , Keith Moffat , Saverio Bolognani , Michael Muehlebach , Florian Dörfler

Online Feedback Optimization uses optimization algorithms as dynamic systems to design optimal control inputs. The results obtained from Online Feedback Optimization depend on the setup of the chosen optimization algorithm. In this work we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-11 Marta Zagorowska , Lars Imsland

Conventional optimal power flow (OPF) solvers assume full observability of the involved system states. However, in practice, there is a lack of reliable system monitoring devices in the distribution networks. To close the gap between the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Yi Guo , Xinyang Zhou , Changhong Zhao , Yue Chen , Tyler Summers , Lijun Chen

This paper develops a sequential-linearization feedback optimization framework for driving nonlinear dynamical systems to an optimal steady state. A fundamental challenge in feedback optimization is the requirement of accurate first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Shijie Huang , Sergio Grammatico

Feedback optimisation is an emerging technique aiming at steering a system to an optimal steady state for a given objective function. We show that it is possible to employ this control strategy in a distributed manner. Moreover, we prove…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Antonio Terpin , Sylvain Fricker , Michel Perez , Mathias Hudoba de Badyn , Florian Dörfler

Online feedback-based optimization has become a promising framework for real-time optimization and control of complex engineering systems. This tutorial paper surveys the recent advances in the field as well as provides novel convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-07 Andrey Bernstein , Joshua Comden , Yue Chen , Jing Wang

The scheme of online optimization as a feedback controller is widely used to steer the states of a physical system to the optimal solution of a predefined optimization problem. Such methods focus on regulating the physical states to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Ming Li , Zhaojian Wang , Feng Liu , Ming Cao , Bo Yang

Offline reinforcement learning struggles with distributional shift and constrained performance due to static dataset limitations, while online RL demands prohibitive environment interactions. The recent advent of hybrid offline-to-online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qisai Liu , Zhanhong Jiang , Joshua Russell Waite , Aditya Balu , Cody Fleming , Soumik Sarkar