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Leveraging large language models (LLMs) for complex natural language tasks typically requires long-form prompts to convey detailed requirements and information, which results in increased memory usage and inference costs. To mitigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zongqian Li , Yinhong Liu , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

We introduce the framework of "social learning" in the context of large language models (LLMs), whereby models share knowledge with each other in a privacy-aware manner using natural language. We present and evaluate two approaches for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Amirkeivan Mohtashami , Florian Hartmann , Sian Gooding , Lukas Zilka , Matt Sharifi , Blaise Aguera y Arcas

Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL) is proposed as a cost-effective way to transfer pre-trained models to downstream tasks, avoiding the high cost of updating entire large-scale pre-trained models (LPMs). In this work, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Yijin Huang , Pujin Cheng , Roger Tam , Xiaoying Tang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) facilitates the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) under limited resources. However, the fine-tuning performance with PEFT on complex, knowledge-intensive tasks is limited due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Jitai Hao , WeiWei Sun , Xin Xin , Qi Meng , Zhumin Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly shape the AI landscape, fine-tuning pretrained models has become more popular than in the pre-LLM era for achieving optimal performance in domain-specific tasks. However, pretrained LLMs such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Pingzhi Li , Sukwon Yun , Zhenyu Wang , Shahriar Nirjon , Chau-Wai Wong , Tianlong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

Well-designed prompts are crucial for enhancing Large language models' (LLMs) reasoning capabilities while aligning their outputs with task requirements across diverse domains. However, manually designed prompts require expertise and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jinyu Xiang , Jiayi Zhang , Zhaoyang Yu , Xinbing Liang , Fengwei Teng , Jinhao Tu , Fashen Ren , Xiangru Tang , Sirui Hong , Chenglin Wu , Yuyu Luo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into users' daily lives, leading to a growing demand for personalized outputs. Previous work focuses on leveraging a user's own history, overlooking inter-user differences that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yilun Qiu , Tianhao Shi , Xiaoyan Zhao , Fengbin Zhu , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

Public LLMs such as the Llama 2-Chat underwent alignment training and were considered safe. Recently Qi et al. [2024] reported that even benign fine-tuning on seemingly safe datasets can give rise to unsafe behaviors in the models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Kaifeng Lyu , Haoyu Zhao , Xinran Gu , Dingli Yu , Anirudh Goyal , Sanjeev Arora

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Individuals and businesses have been significantly benefited by Large Language Models (LLMs) including PaLM, Gemini and ChatGPT in various ways. For example, LLMs enhance productivity, reduce costs, and enable us to focus on more valuable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Xiaojin Zhang , Yahao Pang , Yan Kang , Wei Chen , Lixin Fan , Hai Jin , Qiang Yang

This paper introduces a novel privacy-preservation framework named PFID for LLMs that addresses critical privacy concerns by localizing user data through model sharding and singular value decomposition. When users are interacting with LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Haoyan Yang , Zhitao Li , Yong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Ming Li , Jing Xiao

Ensuring awareness of fairness and privacy in Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical. Interestingly, we discover a counter-intuitive trade-off phenomenon that enhancing an LLM's privacy awareness through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Chen Qian , Dongrui Liu , Jie Zhang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao

This paper addresses the limited transfer and adaptation capabilities of large language models in low-resource language scenarios. It proposes a unified framework that combines a knowledge transfer module with parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shuangquan Lyu , Yingnan Deng , Guiran Liu , Zhen Qi , Ruotong Wang

Objective To develop soft prompt-based learning algorithms for large language models (LLMs), examine the shape of prompts, prompt-tuning using frozen/unfrozen LLMs, transfer learning, and few-shot learning abilities. Methods We developed a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Cheng Peng , Xi Yang , Kaleb E Smith , Zehao Yu , Aokun Chen , Jiang Bian , Yonghui Wu

This paper investigates covert prompt transmission for secure and efficient large language model (LLM) services over wireless networks. We formulate a latency minimization problem under fidelity and detectability constraints to ensure…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ruichen Zhang , Yinqiu Liu , Shunpu Tang , Jiacheng Wang , Dusit Niyato , Geng Sun , Yonghui Li , Sumei Sun

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the demand for effective personalization techniques that can adapt model behavior to individual user preferences. Despite the non-parametric methods utilizing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kounianhua Du , Jianxing Liu , Kangning Zhang , Wenxiang Jiao , Yuan Lu , Jiarui Jin , Weiwen Liu , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

SpeechLLMs are increasingly deployed in professional settings where domain customisation is standard practice: users supply context in prompts with sensitive information, fine-tune on proprietary recordings, or both. We identify and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o can handle a wide range of complex tasks with the right prompt. As per token costs are reduced, the advantages of fine-tuning Small Language Models (SLMs) for real-world applications -- faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Orlando Marquez Ayala , Patrice Bechard , Emily Chen , Maggie Baird , Jingfei Chen

Prompt-tuning is an emerging strategy to adapt large language models (LLM) to downstream tasks by learning a (soft-)prompt parameter from data. Despite its success in LLMs, there is limited theoretical understanding of the power of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Samet Oymak , Ankit Singh Rawat , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Christos Thrampoulidis