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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success and are widely adopted for diverse applications. However, fine-tuning these models often involves private or sensitive information, raising critical privacy concerns. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kaiyuan Zhang , Siyuan Cheng , Hanxi Guo , Yuetian Chen , Zian Su , Shengwei An , Yuntao Du , Charles Fleming , Ashish Kundu , Xiangyu Zhang , Ninghui Li

Cross-lingual knowledge transfer, especially between high- and low-resource languages, remains challenging in natural language processing (NLP). This study offers insights for improving cross-lingual NLP applications through the combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Simon Ostermann , Marián Šimko

Soft prompt tuning achieves superior performances across a wide range of few-shot tasks. However, the performances of prompt tuning can be highly sensitive to the initialization of the prompts. We also empirically observe that conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Rui Wang , Zhao Song , Ruiyi Zhang , Handong Zhao , Chaochao Lu , Shuai Li , Ricardo Henao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining increasing attention due to their exceptional performance across numerous tasks. As a result, the general public utilize them as an influential tool for boosting their productivity while natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Zhigang Kan , Linbo Qiao , Hao Yu , Liwen Peng , Yifu Gao , Dongsheng Li

Prompting large language models has gained immense popularity in recent years due to the advantage of producing good results even without the need for labelled data. However, this requires prompt tuning to get optimal prompts that lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Jacob-Junqi Tian , David Emerson , Sevil Zanjani Miyandoab , Deval Pandya , Laleh Seyyed-Kalantari , Faiza Khan Khattak

Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommendation systems leverage powerful language models to generate personalized suggestions by processing user interactions and preferences. Unlike traditional recommendation systems that rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Tina Khezresmaeilzadeh , Jiang Zhang , Dimitrios Andreadis , Konstantinos Psounis

Abbreviation expansion is a strategy used to speed up communication by limiting the amount of typing and using a language model to suggest expansions. Here we look at personalizing a Large Language Model's (LLM) suggestions based on prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Katrin Tomanek , Shanqing Cai , Subhashini Venugopalan

Dialogue state tracking (DST) is an important step in dialogue management to keep track of users' beliefs. Existing works fine-tune all language model (LM) parameters to tackle the DST task, which requires significant data and computing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mingyu Derek Ma , Jiun-Yu Kao , Shuyang Gao , Arpit Gupta , Di Jin , Tagyoung Chung , Nanyun Peng

The large-scale adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) forces a trade-off between operational cost (OpEx) and data privacy. Current routing frameworks reduce costs but ignore prompt sensitivity, exposing users and institutions to leakage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alessio Langiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language understanding by capturing hidden semantics in vector space. This process enriches the value of text embeddings for various downstream tasks, thereby fostering the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Peihua Mai , Ran Yan , Zhe Huang , Youjia Yang , Yan Pang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

Recent advances in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their usage in domain-specific tasks. Despite the success, fine-tuning continues to rely on repeated and lengthy prompts, which escalate computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jiaru Zou , Mengyu Zhou , Tao Li , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

The meanings of words and phrases depend not only on where they are used (contexts) but also on who use them (writers). Pretrained language models (PLMs) are powerful tools for capturing context, but they are typically pretrained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Daisuke Oba , Naoki Yoshinaga , Masashi Toyoda

With the widespread application of large language models (LLMs), user privacy protection has become a significant research topic. Existing privacy preference modeling methods often rely on large-scale user data, making effective privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Haowei Yang , Qingyi Lu , Yang Wang , Sibei Liu , Jiayun Zheng , Ao Xiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable generalizability in language comprehension and hold significant potential to revolutionize human-computer interaction in smart homes. Existing LLM-based smart home assistants typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xinyu Huang , Leming Shen , Zijing Ma , Yuanqing Zheng

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining significant popularity in recent years for specialized tasks using prompts due to their low computational cost. Standard methods like prefix tuning utilize special, modifiable tokens that lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Asif Mahmud , Md. Shohanur Islam Sobuj , Prakash Bhat , Md Kowsher , Niloofar Yousefi , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay

As large language models (LLMs) are adopted as a fundamental component of language technologies, it is crucial to accurately characterize their performance. Because choices in prompt design can strongly influence model behavior, this design…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Melanie Sclar , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Alane Suhr

With the widespread use of LLMs, preserving privacy in user prompts has become crucial, as prompts risk exposing privacy and sensitive data to the cloud LLMs. Traditional techniques like homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Xuan Li , Zhe Yin , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

Prompt tuning learns soft prompts to condition frozen Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for performing downstream tasks in a parameter-efficient manner. While prompt tuning has gradually reached the performance level of fine-tuning as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Fang Ma , Chen Zhang , Lei Ren , Jingang Wang , Qifan Wang , Wei Wu , Xiaojun Quan , Dawei Song
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