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Studying large samples of massive, passively evolving galaxies (called cosmic chronometers, CC) provides us with the unique ability to measure the Universe's expansion history without assuming a cosmological model. The Dark Energy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-05 S. I. Loubser

Although big bang cosmology effectively models even the most puzzling observational data, it offers no insight into why the cosmological expansion should occur at all. In this paper it is suggested that a finite Universe poses particular…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alasdair Macleod

Among various phenomenological $\Lambda$ models, a time-dependent model $\dot \Lambda\sim H^3$ is selected here to investigate the $\Lambda$-CDM cosmology. Using this model the expressions for the time-dependent equation of state parameter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-01-25 Saibal Ray , Maxim Khlopov , Utpal Mukhopadhyay , Partha Pratim Ghosh

The detection of a significant deviation from a zero curvature would have profound consequences for inflationary theories and fundamental physics. Relative to high-redshift Planck's CMB measurements, indicating a $\sim 2\sigma$ evidence for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Deng Wang , Olga Mena , Salvatore Capozziello , David Mota

We explore the origin of the preference of DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements and external data from cosmic microwave background (CMB) and type Ia supernovae (SNIa) that dark energy behavior departs from that expected…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-06 Prakhar Bansal , Dragan Huterer

In this work, we implement Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the expansion history of the universe in a model-agnostic manner, using the Pantheon-Plus SN-Ia compilation in combination with two different BAO measurements (SDSS-IV…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Purba Mukherjee , Anjan Ananda Sen

We perform a model-independent reconstruction of the angular diameter distance ($D_{A}$) using the Multi-Task Gaussian Process (MTGP) framework with DESI-DR1 BAO and DES-SN5YR datasets. We calibrate the comoving sound horizon at the baryon…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-13 Purba Mukherjee , Anjan A Sen

We continue scientific scrutiny of the DESI dynamical dark energy (DE) claim by explicitly demonstrating that the result depends on the analysis pipeline. Concretely, we define a likelihood that converts the $w_0 w_a$CDM model back into the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-18 Eoin Ó Colgáin , Saeed Pourojaghi , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

The expansion rate of the Universe changes with time, initially slowing (decelerating) when the universe was matter dominated, because of the mutual gravitational attraction of all the matter in it, and more recently speeding up…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-09-17 Muhammad Omer Farooq

Current observations of Type Ia supernovae provide evidence for cosmic acceleration out to a redshift of $z \lsim 1$, leading to the possibility that the universe is entering an inflationary epoch. However, inflation can take place only if…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Glenn Starkman , Mark Trodden , Tanmay Vachaspati

After about two decades of the first observational papers confirming the accelerated expansion of the universe, we are still facing the question whether the cause of it is a rigid cosmological constant $\Lambda$-term or a mildly evolving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-10 Joan Sola Peracaula , Javier de Cruz Perez , Adria Gomez-Valent

The energy conditions give upper bounds on the luminosity distance. We apply these upper bounds to the 192 essence supernova Ia data to show that the Universe had experienced accelerated expansion. This conclusion is drawn directly from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yungui Gong , Anzhong Wang , Qiang Wu , Yuan-Zhong Zhang

We investigate the bounds on the sum of neutrino masses in a cosmic-acceleration scenario where the equation of state $w(z)$ of dark energy (DE) is constructed in a model-independent way, using a basis of principal components (PCs) that are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Ana Diaz Rivero , V. Miranda , Cora Dvorkin

The implications of seven popular models of quintessence based on supergravity or M/string theory for the transition from a decelerating to an accelerating universe are explored. All seven potentials can mimic the LambdaCDM model at low…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-05 Carl L. Gardner

The kinematic expansion history of the universe is investigated by using the 307 supernovae type Ia from the Union Compilation set. Three simple model parameterizations for the deceleration parameter (constant, linear and abrupt transition)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. C. C. Guimarães , J. V. Cunha , J. A. S. Lima

The gravitational potential decay rate (DR) is caused by the cosmic acceleration of the universe, providing a direct probe into the existence of dark energy (DE). We present measurements of DR and explore its implications for DE models…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Fuyu Dong , Pengjie Zhang , Haojie Xu , Jian Qin

The deceleration parameter q as the diagnostic of the cosmological accelerating expansion is investigated. By expanding the luminosity distance to the fourth order of redshift and the so-called y-redshift in two redshift bins and fitting…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Ronggen Cai , Zhongliang Tuo

There is mounting observational evidence that the expansion of our universe is undergoing an acceleration. A dark energy component has usually been invoked as the most feasible mechanism for the acceleration. However, it is desirable to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Zong-Hong Zhu , Jailson S. Alcaniz

We carry out a comparative analysis of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and the alternative $R_h=ct$ framework using recent observational data from cosmic chronometers (CC), Type Ia supernova, and baryon acoustic oscillations.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Amritansh Mehrotra , S. K. J. Pacif , A. F. Santos