English

Do low-redshift observations open the doors to an open universe?

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics 2025-12-23 v1 High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology

Abstract

The detection of a significant deviation from a zero curvature would have profound consequences for inflationary theories and fundamental physics. Relative to high-redshift Planck's CMB measurements, indicating a 2σ\sim 2\sigma evidence for a closed universe, low-redshift observations of BAO and SN Ia have the advantages of weak dependence on early universe physics, independently observational systematics, and strong redshift dependence of distances in constraining the cosmic curvature. Using the integrated observations from DESI BAO and SN Ia, we find an unexpected 2σ2\sigma evidence for an open universe, regardless of the SN Ia sample employed. When considering DESI, SN Ia and the acoustic scale θ\theta_\star data, the preference for an open universe exceeds the 3σ3\sigma level, reaching 5σ5\sigma for the case of DESY5 Supernovae data. Therefore, low-redshift observations favor an open universe, and this preference persists even when alternative high-redshift priors are adopted. Our results point to the existence of an additional tension between high- and low-redshift observations, present also in non-flat models beyond the minimal Λ\LambdaCDM scheme, thereby challenging the standard inflationary predictions.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.19565,
  title  = {Do low-redshift observations open the doors to an open universe?},
  author = {Deng Wang and Olga Mena and Salvatore Capozziello and David Mota},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.19565},
  year   = {2025}
}

Comments

6.5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table