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This work aims to employ natural language generation (NLG) to rapidly generate items for English language learning applications: this requires both language models capable of generating fluent, high-quality English, and to control the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Kevin Stowe , Debanjan Ghosh , Mengxuan Zhao

Teaching neural models to generate narrative coherent texts is a critical problem. Recent pre-trained language models have achieved promising results, but there is still a gap between human written texts and machine-generated outputs. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Zhe Hu , Hou Pong Chan , Lifu Huang

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) offer the most promising avenue for skill evaluation in the era of virtual education and job recruiting, where traditional performance-based alternatives such as projects and essays have become less viable,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Eric Li , Jingyi Su , Hao Sheng , Lawrence Wai

Intelligent and adaptive online education systems aim to make high-quality education available for a diverse range of students. However, existing systems usually depend on a pool of hand-made questions, limiting how fine-grained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Megha Srivastava , Noah Goodman

Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

In designing multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in education, creating plausible distractors is crucial for identifying students' misconceptions and gaps in knowledge and accurately assessing their understanding. However, prior studies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yooseop Lee , Suin Kim , Yohan Jo

Question Generation (QG) is a task within Natural Language Processing (NLP) that involves automatically generating questions given an input, typically composed of a text and a target answer. Recent work on QG aims to control the type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Significant advances have been made in natural language processing in recent years. However, our current deep learning approach to language modeling requires substantial resources in terms of data and computation. One of the side effects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Nicholas Kluge Corrêa , Aniket Sen , Sophia Falk , Shiza Fatimah

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are a widely used educational tool, particularly in domains such as visualization literacy that require broad conceptual coverage and support diverse real-world applications. However, designing high-quality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zixin Chen , Yuhang Zeng , Sicheng Song , Yanna Lin , Xian Xu , Huamin Qu , Meng Xia

Difficulty-controllable question generation for reading comprehension has gained significant attention in the field of education as a fundamental tool for adaptive learning support. Although several neural question generation methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuto Tomikawa , Masaki Uto

Socratic questioning is an educational method that allows students to discover answers to complex problems by asking them a series of thoughtful questions. Generation of didactically sound questions is challenging, requiring understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Kumar Shridhar , Jakub Macina , Mennatallah El-Assady , Tanmay Sinha , Manu Kapur , Mrinmaya Sachan

Generating text from structured data is challenging because it requires bridging the gap between (i) structure and natural language (NL) and (ii) semantically underspecified input and fully specified NL output. Multilingual generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Angela Fan , Claire Gardent

While recent studies have looked into the abilities of large language models in various benchmark tasks, including question generation, reading comprehension, multilingual and etc, there have been few studies looking into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jiao Sun , Yufei Tian , Wangchunshu Zhou , Nan Xu , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , John Frederick Wieting , Nanyun Peng , Xuezhe Ma

We propose a novel text generation task, namely Curiosity-driven Question Generation. We start from the observation that the Question Generation task has traditionally been considered as the dual problem of Question Answering, hence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Thomas Scialom , Jacopo Staiano

Web-based educational videos offer flexible learning opportunities and are becoming increasingly popular. However, improving user engagement and knowledge retention remains a challenge. Automatically generated questions can activate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Markos Stamatakis , Joshua Berger , Christian Wartena , Ralph Ewerth , Anett Hoppe

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made automated multiple-choice question (MCQ) generation increasingly feasible; however, reliably producing items that satisfy controlled cognitive demands remains a challenge. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yu Tian , Linh Huynh , Katerina Christhilf , Shubham Chakraborty , Micah Watanabe , Tracy Arner , Danielle McNamara

Inductive qualitative methods have been a mainstay of education research for decades, yet it takes much time and effort to conduct rigorously. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, particularly with generative AI (GAI), have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 John Chen , Alexandros Lotsos , Lexie Zhao , Grace Wang , Uri Wilensky , Bruce Sherin , Michael Horn

Text generation rarely considers the control of lexical complexity, which limits its more comprehensive practical application. We introduce a novel task of lexical complexity controlled sentence generation, which aims at keywords to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Jinran Nie , Liner Yang , Yun Chen , Cunliang Kong , Junhui Zhu , Erhong Yang

We investigate the difficulty levels of questions in reading comprehension datasets such as SQuAD, and propose a new question generation setting, named Difficulty-controllable Question Generation (DQG). Taking as input a sentence in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Yifan Gao , Lidong Bing , Wang Chen , Michael R. Lyu , Irwin King