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Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep neural networks have driven significant progress in vision and text processing. However, achieving human-like reasoning and interpretability in AI systems remains a substantial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Shenzhe Zhu , Shengxiang Sun

Neurosymbolic AI aims to integrate deep learning with symbolic AI. This integration has many promises, such as decreasing the amount of data required to train a neural network, improving the explainability and interpretability of answers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Emile van Krieken

We introduce the concept of a \textbf{neuro-symbolic pair} -- neural and symbolic approaches that are linked through a common knowledge representation. Next, we present \textbf{taxonomic networks}, a type of discrimination network in which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zekun Wang , Ethan L. Haarer , Nicki Barari , Christopher J. MacLellan

We propose the Neural Logic Machine (NLM), a neural-symbolic architecture for both inductive learning and logic reasoning. NLMs exploit the power of both neural networks---as function approximators, and logic programming---as a symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Honghua Dong , Jiayuan Mao , Tian Lin , Chong Wang , Lihong Li , Denny Zhou

Arguments in favor of injecting symbolic knowledge into neural architectures abound. When done right, constraining a sub-symbolic model can substantially improve its performance and sample complexity and prevent it from predicting invalid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Stefano Teso

In robotic task planning, symbolic planners using rule-based representations like PDDL are effective but struggle with long-sequential tasks in complicated environments due to exponentially increasing search space. Meanwhile, LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Minseo Kwon , Yaesol Kim , Young J. Kim

We study the problem of learning neural classifiers in a neurosymbolic setting where the hidden gold labels of input instances must satisfy a logical formula. Learning in this setting proceeds by first computing (a subset of) the possible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Aaditya Naik , Efthymia Tsamoura , Shibo Jin , Mayur Naik , Dan Roth

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing

In this work we address the problem of fast and scalable learning of neuro-symbolic representations for general biological knowledge. Based on a recently published comprehensive biological knowledge graph (Alshahrani, 2017) that was used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Asan Agibetov , Matthias Samwald

Analogical Reasoning problems challenge both connectionist and symbolic AI systems as these entail a combination of background knowledge, reasoning and pattern recognition. While symbolic systems ingest explicit domain knowledge and perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Vishwa Shah , Aditya Sharma , Gautam Shroff , Lovekesh Vig , Tirtharaj Dash , Ashwin Srinivasan

This article explores the convergence of connectionist and symbolic artificial intelligence (AI), from historical debates to contemporary advancements. Traditionally considered distinct paradigms, connectionist AI focuses on neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Haoyi Xiong , Zhiyuan Wang , Xuhong Li , Jiang Bian , Zeke Xie , Shahid Mumtaz , Anwer Al-Dulaimi , Laura E. Barnes

Symbolic indefinite integration in Computer Algebra Systems such as Maple involves selecting the most effective algorithm from multiple available methods. Not all methods will succeed for a given problem, and when several do, the results,…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Rashid Barket , Matthew England , Jürgen Gerhard

State-of-the-art approaches for integrating symbolic knowledge with deep learning architectures have demonstrated promising results in static domains. However, methods to handle temporal logic specifications remain underexplored. The only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Riccardo Andreoni , Andrei Buliga , Alessandro Daniele , Chiara Ghidini , Marco Montali , Massimiliano Ronzani

There is growing excitement about building software verifiers, synthesizers, and other Automated Reasoning (AR) tools by combining traditional symbolic algorithms and Large Language Models (LLMs). Unfortunately, the current practice for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Aaron Bembenek

Recent advances in neural symbolic learning, such as DeepProbLog, extend probabilistic logic programs with neural predicates. Like graphical models, these probabilistic logic programs define a probability distribution over possible worlds,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Thomas Winters , Giuseppe Marra , Robin Manhaeve , Luc De Raedt

One of the enduring challenges in education is how to empower students to take ownership of their learning by setting meaningful goals, tracking their progress, and adapting their strategies when faced with setbacks. Research has shown that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ryan Hare , Ying Tang

Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging and quickly advancing field that combines the subsymbolic strengths of (deep) neural networks and explicit, symbolic knowledge contained in knowledge graphs to enhance…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Aritran Piplai , Anantaa Kotal , Seyedreza Mohseni , Manas Gaur , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi

Symbolic encoding has been used in multi-operator learning as a way to embed additional information for distinct time-series data. For spatiotemporal systems described by time-dependent partial differential equations, the equation itself…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Derek Jollie , Jingmin Sun , Zecheng Zhang , Hayden Schaeffer

Continual learning is crucial for creating AI agents that can learn and improve themselves autonomously. A primary challenge in continual learning is to learn new tasks without losing previously learned knowledge. Current continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Amin Banayeeanzade , Mohammad Rostami

Humans have the ability to seamlessly combine low-level visual input with high-level symbolic reasoning often in the form of recognising objects, learning relations between them and applying rules. Neuro-symbolic systems aim to bring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo