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The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

Virtual screening plays a pivotal role in early drug discovery, traditionally dominated by physics-based methods. While these approaches offer detailed insights, they are often hindered by high computational costs, limited sampling, and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-20 Temitope Sobodu , Adeshina Yusuf , Dan Kiel , Dong Kong

Autoregressive Language Models instantiate a factorized likelihood over token sequences, yet their strictly sequential decoding process imposes an intrinsic lower bound on inference latency. This bottleneck has emerged as a central obstacle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Maxim Divilkovskiy , Vitaly Malygin , Sergey Zlobin , Stanislav Ilyushin , Sultan Isali , Vasily Kalugin , Nuriza Aitassova , Fei Yi , Weidi Zeng

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances LLMs with external knowledge, yet generation remains vulnerable to retrieval-induced noise and uncertain placement of relevant chunks, often causing hallucinations. We present Ext2Gen, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hwanjun Song , Jeonghwan Choi , Minseok Kim

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine dense retrievers and language models to ground LLM outputs in retrieved documents. However, the opacity of how these components interact creates challenges for deployment in high-stakes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Korbinian Randl , Guido Rocchietti , Aron Henriksson , Ziawasch Abedjan , Tony Lindgren , John Pavlopoulos

Large-scale diffusion models have achieved remarkable performance in generative tasks. Beyond their initial training applications, these models have proven their ability to function as versatile plug-and-play priors. For instance, 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Xiaofeng Yang , Cheng Chen , Xulei Yang , Fayao Liu , Guosheng Lin

Despite remarkable progress in autoregressive language models, alternative generative paradigms beyond left-to-right generation are still being actively explored. Discrete diffusion models, with the capacity for parallel generation, have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Minkai Xu , Tomas Geffner , Karsten Kreis , Weili Nie , Yilun Xu , Jure Leskovec , Stefano Ermon , Arash Vahdat

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have proven to be effective in integrating up-to-date information, mitigating hallucinations, and enhancing response quality, particularly in specialized domains. While many RAG approaches…

Bilingual text-to-motion generation, which synthesizes 3D human motions from bilingual text inputs, holds immense potential for cross-linguistic applications in gaming, film, and robotics. However, this task faces critical challenges: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Wanjiang Weng , Xiaofeng Tan , Hongsong Wang , Pan Zhou

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, the efficacy of RAG is often bottlenecked by the ``one-size-fits-all'' retrieval paradigm, as different queries exhibit distinct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tong Zhao , Yutao Zhu , Yucheng Tian , Zhicheng Dou

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in early-stage drug discovery offers unprecedented opportunities for exploring chemical space and accelerating hit-to-lead optimization. However, docking optimization in generative approaches…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-03 Ekaterina Podplutova , Anastasia Vepreva , Olga A. Konovalova , Vladimir Vinogradov , Dmitrii O. Shkil , Andrei Dmitrenko

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in every stage of drug development. Continuing breakthroughs in AI-based methods for drug discovery require the creation, improvement, and refinement of drug discovery data. We posit a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Bing Hu , Ashish Saragadam , Anita Layton , Helen Chen

Generating molecular structures with desired properties is a critical task with broad applications in drug discovery and materials design. We propose 3M-Diffusion, a novel multi-modal molecular graph generation method, to generate diverse,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Huaisheng Zhu , Teng Xiao , Vasant G Honavar

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) with autoregressive world models suffers from compounding errors, whereas diffusion world models mitigate this by generating trajectory segments jointly. However, existing diffusion guides are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daniele Foffano , Arvid Eriksson , David Broman , Karl H. Johansson , Alexandre Proutiere

Highly accurate biomolecular structure prediction is a key component of developing biomolecular foundation models, and one of the most critical aspects of building foundation models is identifying the recipes for scaling the model. In this…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-02 Yi Zhou , Chan Lu , Yiming Ma , Wei Qu , Fei Ye , Kexin Zhang , Lan Wang , Minrui Gui , Quanquan Gu

Molecular machine learning has gained popularity with the advancements of geometric deep learning. In parallel, retrieval-augmented generation has become a principled approach commonly used with language models. However, the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Runzhong Wang , Rui-Xi Wang , Mrunali Manjrekar , Connor W. Coley

Navigating the vast chemical space of druggable compounds is a formidable challenge in drug discovery, where generative models are increasingly employed to identify viable candidates. Conditional 3D structure-based drug design (3D-SBDD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Kiwoong Yoo , Owen Oertell , Junhyun Lee , Sanghoon Lee , Jaewoo Kang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has demonstrated strong effectiveness in knowledge-intensive tasks by grounding language generation in external evidence. Despite its success, many existing RAG systems are built based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Lichang Song , Ting Long , Yi Chang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly vital for navigating the ever-expanding body of scientific literature, particularly in high-stakes domains such as chemistry. Despite the promise of RAG, foundational design…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mahmoud Amiri , Thomas Bocklitz