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Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Reinforcement learning with evaluation metrics as rewards is widely used to enhance specific capabilities of language models. However, for tasks such as factually consistent summarisation, existing metrics remain underdeveloped, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuxuan Ye , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Edwin Simpson

Human evaluation is the foundation upon which the evaluation of both summarization systems and automatic metrics rests. However, existing human evaluation studies for summarization either exhibit a low inter-annotator agreement or have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Pengfei Liu , Yilun Zhao , Linyong Nan , Ruilin Han , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Chien-Sheng Wu , Caiming Xiong , Dragomir Radev

Generating unbiased summaries in real-world settings such as political perspective summarization remains a crucial application of Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet, existing evaluation frameworks rely on traditional metrics for measuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Narutatsu Ri , Nicholas Deas , Kathleen McKeown

The recent success of prompting large language models like GPT-3 has led to a paradigm shift in NLP research. In this paper, we study its impact on text summarization, focusing on the classic benchmark domain of news summarization. First,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Tanya Goyal , Junyi Jessy Li , Greg Durrett

Evaluation of a document summarization system has been a critical factor to impact the success of the summarization task. Previous approaches, such as ROUGE, mainly consider the informativeness of the assessed summary and require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Hanlu Wu , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Tariro Manyumwa , Shouling Ji

Ideal summarization models should generalize to novel summary-worthy content without remembering reference training summaries by rote. However, a single average performance score on the entire test set is inadequate in determining such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Alexander R. Fabbri , Caiming Xiong , Chien-Sheng Wu

Source code summaries are important for program comprehension and maintenance. However, there are plenty of programs with missing, outdated, or mismatched summaries. Recently, deep learning techniques have been exploited to automatically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Lun Du , Junjie Chen , Shi Han , Hongyu Zhang , Dongmei Zhang , Hongbin Sun

The ROUGE metric is commonly used to evaluate extractive summarization task, but it has been criticized for its lack of semantic awareness and its ignorance about the ranking quality of the extractive summarizer. Previous research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mousumi Akter , Santu Karmaker

People from different social and demographic groups express diverse perspectives and conflicting opinions on a broad set of topics such as product reviews, healthcare, law, and politics. A fair summary should provide a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yusen Zhang , Nan Zhang , Yixin Liu , Alexander Fabbri , Junru Liu , Ryo Kamoi , Xiaoxin Lu , Caiming Xiong , Jieyu Zhao , Dragomir Radev , Kathleen McKeown , Rui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes applications like hiring, yet their potential for unfair decision-making remains understudied in generative and retrieval settings. In this work, we examine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Preethi Seshadri , Hongyu Chen , Sameer Singh , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant

While large language models (LLMs) can already achieve strong performance on standard generic summarization benchmarks, their performance on more complex summarization task settings is less studied. Therefore, we benchmark LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yixin Liu , Alexander R. Fabbri , Jiawen Chen , Yilun Zhao , Simeng Han , Shafiq Joty , Pengfei Liu , Dragomir Radev , Chien-Sheng Wu , Arman Cohan

The creation of a quality summarization dataset is an expensive, time-consuming effort, requiring the production and evaluation of summaries by both trained humans and machines. If such effort is made in one language, it would be beneficial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Spencer Braun , Oleg Vasilyev , Neslihan Iskender , John Bohannon

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit positional bias in long-context settings, under-attending to information in the middle of inputs. We investigate the presence of this bias in long-form summarization, its impact on faithfulness,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 David Wan , Jesse Vig , Mohit Bansal , Shafiq Joty

Dialogue summarization task involves summarizing long conversations while preserving the most salient information. Real-life dialogues often involve naturally occurring variations (e.g., repetitions, hesitations) and existing dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Ankita Gupta , Chulaka Gunasekara , Hui Wan , Jatin Ganhotra , Sachindra Joshi , Marina Danilevsky

In real-world scenarios with naturally occurring datasets, reference summaries are noisy and may contain information that cannot be inferred from the source text. On large news corpora, removing low quality samples has been shown to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Griffin Adams , Han-Chin Shing , Qing Sun , Christopher Winestock , Kathleen McKeown , Noémie Elhadad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in evaluative processes, from information filtering to assessing and addressing knowledge gaps through explanation and credibility judgments. This raises the need to examine how such…

Text summarization, a key natural language generation (NLG) task, is vital in various domains. However, the high cost of inaccurate summaries in risk-critical applications, particularly those involving human-in-the-loop decision-making,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jianfeng He , Runing Yang , Linlin Yu , Changbin Li , Ruoxi Jia , Feng Chen , Ming Jin , Chang-Tien Lu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generating user summaries from a long list of raw user activity data. These summaries capture essential user information such as preferences and interests, and therefore are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Chao Wang , Neo Wu , Lin Ning , Jiaxing Wu , Luyang Liu , Jun Xie , Shawn O'Banion , Bradley Green

ROUGE is a widely adopted, automatic evaluation measure for text summarization. While it has been shown to correlate well with human judgements, it is biased towards surface lexical similarities. This makes it unsuitable for the evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-26 Jun-Ping Ng , Viktoria Abrecht