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The increasing use of transformer-based large language models brings forward the challenge of processing long sequences. In document visual question answering (DocVQA), leading methods focus on the single-page setting, while documents can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Tsachi Blau , Sharon Fogel , Roi Ronen , Alona Golts , Roy Ganz , Elad Ben Avraham , Aviad Aberdam , Shahar Tsiper , Ron Litman

Document understanding is a long standing practical task. Vision Language Models (VLMs) have gradually become a primary approach in this domain, demonstrating effective performance on single page tasks. However, their effectiveness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Keliang Liu , Zizhi Chen , Mingcheng Li , Jingqun Tang , Dingkang Yang , Lihua Zhang

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

Knowledge-Intensive Visual Question Answering (KI-VQA) refers to answering a question about an image whose answer does not lie in the image. This paper presents a new pipeline for KI-VQA tasks, consisting of a retriever and a reader. First,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Alireza Salemi , Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Hamed Zamani

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been applied to universal multimodal retrieval, where Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning improves candidate reranking. However, existing approaches remain largely language-driven, relying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Dongyang Chen , Chaoyang Wang , Dezhao Su , Xi Xiao , Zeyu Zhang , Jing Xiong , Qing Li , Yuzhang Shang , Shichao Kan

Document similarity is the problem of estimating the degree to which a given pair of documents has similar semantic content. An accurate document similarity measure can improve several enterprise relevant tasks such as document clustering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Gaurav Maheshwari , Priyansh Trivedi , Harshita Sahijwani , Kunal Jha , Sourish Dasgupta , Jens Lehmann

Multi-document Multi-entity Question Answering inherently demands models to track implicit logic between multiple entities across scattered documents. However, existing Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Zhengxuan Zhang , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Document Visual Question Answering (VQA) aims to understand visually-rich documents to answer questions in natural language, which is an emerging research topic for both Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fengbin Zhu , Wenqiang Lei , Fuli Feng , Chao Wang , Haozhou Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Lately, researchers in artificial intelligence have been really interested in how language and vision come together, giving rise to the development of multimodal models that aim to seamlessly integrate textual and visual information.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rajat Chawla , Arkajit Datta , Tushar Verma , Adarsh Jha , Anmol Gautam , Ayush Vatsal , Sukrit Chaterjee , Mukunda NS , Ishaan Bhola

Interactive articles help readers engage with complex ideas through exploration, yet creating them remains costly, requiring both domain expertise and web development skills. Recent LLM-based agents can automate content creation, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yinghao Tang , Yupeng Xie , Yingchaojie Feng , Tingfeng Lan , Wei Chen

Knowledge-based visual question answering (VQA) requires answering questions with external knowledge in addition to the content of images. One dataset that is mostly used in evaluating knowledge-based VQA is OK-VQA, but it lacks a gold…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Man Luo , Yankai Zeng , Pratyay Banerjee , Chitta Baral

Document understanding aims to perform question answering and information extraction over document images, where the visual content is highly information-dense and most queries rely on only a few relevant layout regions. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ye Mo , Kai Ye , Xianwei Mao , Zirui Shao , Gang Huang , Bo Zhang , Hangdi Xing , Kehan Chen , Huan Zhou , Zixu Yan , Jiajun Bu , Sheng Zhou

This paper introduces a simple yet effective query expansion approach, denoted as query2doc, to improve both sparse and dense retrieval systems. The proposed method first generates pseudo-documents by few-shot prompting large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Furu Wei

We introduce SmolDocling, an ultra-compact vision-language model targeting end-to-end document conversion. Our model comprehensively processes entire pages by generating DocTags, a new universal markup format that captures all page elements…

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made remarkable strides in multimodal tasks such as visual question answering, visual grounding, and complex reasoning. However, they remain limited by static training data, susceptibility to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Chan-Wei Hu , Yueqi Wang , Shuo Xing , Chia-Ju Chen , Suofei Feng , Ryan Rossi , Zhengzhong Tu

Document-based Visual Question Answering examines the document understanding of document images in conditions of natural language questions. We proposed a new document-based VQA dataset, PDF-VQA, to comprehensively examine the document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yihao Ding , Siwen Luo , Hyunsuk Chung , Soyeon Caren Han

Technical reports and articles often contain valuable information in the form of semi-structured data like charts, and figures. Interpreting these and using the information from them is essential for downstream tasks such as question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Prahitha Movva , Naga Harshita Marupaka

Visual Question Answering (VQA) requires reasoning across visual and textual modalities, yet Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) often lack integrated commonsense knowledge, limiting their robustness in real-world scenarios. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shuo Yang , Siwen Luo , Soyeon Caren Han , Eduard Hovy

Video Question Answering (VideoQA), aiming to correctly answer the given question based on understanding multi-modal video content, is challenging due to the rich video content. From the perspective of video understanding, a good VideoQA…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Jingjing Jiang , Ziyi Liu , Nanning Zheng

Tagging news articles or blog posts with relevant tags from a collection of predefined ones is coined as document tagging in this work. Accurate tagging of articles can benefit several downstream applications such as recommendation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Sheng Chen , Akshay Soni , Aasish Pappu , Yashar Mehdad