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With the rapid proliferation of multimodal information, Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) has emerged as a critical frontier in bridging the gap between unstructured visually rich data and precise information acquisition. Unlike traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yibo Yan , Jiahao Huo , Guanbo Feng , Mingdong Ou , Yi Cao , Xin Zou , Shuliang Liu , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Yu Huang , Jungang Li , Kening Zheng , Xu Zheng , Philip S. Yu , James Kwok , Xuming Hu

Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a challenge task that combines natural language processing and computer vision techniques and gradually becomes a benchmark test task in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The goal of our survey is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Jiayi Kuang , Jingyou Xie , Haohao Luo , Ronghao Li , Zhe Xu , Xianfeng Cheng , Yinghui Li , Xika Lin , Ying Shen

The scaling of large language models to encode all the world's knowledge in model parameters is unsustainable and has exacerbated resource barriers. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) presents a potential solution, yet its application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Siddharth Choudhary , Aditya Deshpande , Ravi Kumar Satzoda , Srikar Appalaraju

In the field of multi-modal language models, the majority of methods are built on an architecture similar to LLaVA. These models use a single-layer ViT feature as a visual prompt, directly feeding it into the language models alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kaibing Chen , Dong Shen , Hanwen Zhong , Huasong Zhong , Kui Xia , Di Xu , Wei Yuan , Yifei Hu , Bin Wen , Tianke Zhang , Changyi Liu , Dewen Fan , Huihui Xiao , Jiahong Wu , Fan Yang , Size Li , Di Zhang

Knowledge-intensive visual question answering requires models to effectively use external knowledge to help answer visual questions. A typical pipeline includes a knowledge retriever and an answer generator. However, a retriever that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Haoyang Wen , Honglei Zhuang , Hamed Zamani , Alexander Hauptmann , Michael Bendersky

Document Understanding (DU) in long-contextual scenarios with complex layouts remains a significant challenge in vision-language research. Although Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel at short-context DU tasks, their performance…

Despite the rapid advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a critical question regarding their visual grounding mechanism remains unanswered: do these models genuinely ``read'' text embedded in images, or do they merely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yibo Peng , Peng Xia , Ding Zhong , Kaide Zeng , Siwei Han , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Ruiyi Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

Medical Visual Question Answering (MedVQA) aims to answer medical questions according to medical images. However, the complexity of medical data leads to confounders that are difficult to observe, so bias between images and questions is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zibo Xu , Qiang Li , Weizhi Nie , Weijie Wang , Anan Liu

We introduce CEMTM, a context-enhanced multimodal topic model designed to infer coherent and interpretable topic structures from both short and long documents containing text and images. CEMTM builds on fine-tuned large vision language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Raymond Li , Chuyuan Li , Shafiq Joty , Giuseppe Carenini

Documents are fundamental to preserving and disseminating information, often incorporating complex layouts, tables, and charts that pose significant challenges for automatic document understanding (DU). While vision-language large models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Negar Foroutan , Angelika Romanou , Matin Ansaripour , Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Karl Aberer , Rémi Lebret

Tabular data is frequently captured in image form across a wide range of real-world scenarios such as financial reports, handwritten records, and document scans. These visual representations pose unique challenges for machine understanding,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhuoyan Xu , Haoyang Fang , Boran Han , Bonan Min , Bernie Wang , Cuixiong Hu , Shuai Zhang

Multimodal LLMs are the natural evolution of LLMs, and enlarge their capabilities so as to work beyond the pure textual modality. As research is being carried out to design novel architectures and vision-and-language adapters, in this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Search engines enable the retrieval of unknown information with texts. However, traditional methods fall short when it comes to understanding unfamiliar visual content, such as identifying an object that the model has never seen before.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhixin Zhang , Yiyuan Zhang , Xiaohan Ding , Xiangyu Yue

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have enabled substantial progress in video understanding by leveraging cross-modal reasoning capabilities. However, their effectiveness is limited by the restricted context window and the high computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zeyu Xu , Junkang Zhang , Qiang Wang , Yi Liu

This paper proposes a question-answering system that can answer questions whose supporting evidence is spread over multiple (potentially long) documents. The system, called Visconde, uses a three-step pipeline to perform the task:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jayr Pereira , Robson Fidalgo , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Modern VLMs have achieved near-saturation accuracy in English document visual question-answering (VQA). However, this task remains challenging in lower resource languages due to a dearth of suitable training and evaluation data. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jonathan Li , Zoltan Csaki , Nidhi Hiremath , Etash Guha , Fenglu Hong , Edward Ma , Urmish Thakker

With recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), grounding and referring capabilities have gained increasing attention for achieving detailed understanding and flexible user interaction. However, these capabilities still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yinan Zhou , Yuxin Chen , Haokun Lin , Yichen Wu , Shuyu Yang , Zhongang Qi , Chen Ma , Li Zhu , Ying Shan

Medical Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a multi-modal challenging task widely considered by research communities of the computer vision and natural language processing. Since most current medical VQA models focus on visual content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Haiwei Pan , Shuning He , Kejia Zhang , Bo Qu , Chunling Chen , Kun Shi

The rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has expanded their capabilities beyond high-level vision tasks. Nevertheless, their potential for Document Image Quality Assessment (DIQA) remains underexplored. To bridge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Jiaxi Huang , Dongxu Wu , Hanwei Zhu , Lingyu Zhu , Jun Xing , Xu Wang , Baoliang Chen