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This report presents System Identification algorithms to estimate the dynamical model of Li-Oin cells. First the dependence of open circuit voltage (OCV) on the state of charge (SOC) is studied. thN battery equivalent model when a resistor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-20 Paulo Lopes dos Santos , T-P Azevedo Perdicoúlis , Paulo A. Salgado

Battery management is a critical component of ubiquitous battery-powered energy systems, in which battery state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimations are of crucial importance. Conventional SOC and SOH estimation methods,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Shida Jiang , Junzhe Shi , Scott Moura

The rapid spread of Lithium-ions batteries (LiBs) for electric vehicles calls for the development of accurate physical models for Battery Management Systems (BMSs). In this work, the electrochemical Single Particle Model (SPM) for a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-30 Andrea Trivella , Matteo Corno , Stefano Radrizzani , Sergio M. Savaresi

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Equivalent Circuit Models (ECMs) are widely used to characterize the impedance and estimate parameters of electrochemical systems such as batteries. We use a generic ECM with ten parameters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-18 Vladimir Sovljanski , Mario Paolone

This paper presents findings on dynamic cell modeling for state-of-charge (SOC) estimation in an autonomous electric vehicle (AEV). The studied cells are Lithium-Ion Polymer-based with a nominal capacity of around 8Ah, optimized for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-21 Qasim Ajao , Lanre Sadeeq

This article presents a novel empirical study for the estimation of the State of Charge (SOC) of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery which uses a deep learning model with three hidden layers. We model a series of ten vehicle drive cycles that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 Alexandre Barbosa de Lima , Maurício B. C. Salles , José Roberto Cardoso

Internal short circuits are a leading cause of battery thermal runaway, and hence a major safety issue for electric vehicles. An internal short circuit with low resistance is called a hard internal short, which causes a high internal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Ting Cai , Peyman Mohtat , Anna G. Stefanopoulou , Jason B. Siegel

Lithium-ion batteries are the enabling power source for transportation electrification. However, in real-world applications, they remain vulnerable to internal short circuits (ISCs) and the consequential risk of thermal runaway (TR). Toward…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Sangwon Kang , Hao Tu , Huazhen Fang

When two electrode open-circuit potentials form a full-cell OCV (open-circuit voltage) model, cell-level SOH (state of health) parameters related to LLI (loss of lithium inventory) and LAM (loss of active materials) naturally appear. Such…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jing Lin , Edwin Khoo

Battery degradation is a major challenge in electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems (ESS). However, most degradation investigations focus mainly on estimating the state of charge (SOC), which fails to accurately interpret the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Md Azizul Hoque , Babul Salam , Mohd Khair Hassan , Abdulkabir Aliyu , Abedalmuhdi Almomany , Muhammed Sutcu

In this article, a pioneering study is presented where the intermittent current interruption method is used to characterize the aging behavior of commercial lithium ion batteries. With a very resource-efficient implementation, this method…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Zeyang Geng , Torbjörn Thiringer , Matthew J. Lacey

This paper investigates the identifiability and estimation of the parameters of the single particle model (SPM) for lithium-ion battery simulation. Identifiability is addressed both in principle and in practice. The approach begins by…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Adrien M. Bizeray , Jin-Ho Kim , Stephen R. Duncan , David A. Howey

The correct assessment of battery states is essential to maximize battery pack performances while ensuring reliable and safe operation. This work introduces EIS2MOD, a novel modelling framework for Li-ion cells based on Distribution of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-17 Pietro Iurilli , Claudio Brivio , Rafael E. Carrillo , Vanessa Wood

Lithium-ion batteries exhibit nonlinear voltage dynamics across varying operating conditions and aging states, making accurate modeling essential for estimation, control, and health monitoring. This work compares two data-driven frameworks…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Khalid Mahmud Labib , Inayat Rasool , Shabbir Ahmed

Recent years have seen a rapidly escalating demand for battery technologies capable of storing more energy, charging more quickly and having longer usable lifetimes, driven largely by increased electrification of transport and by grid-scale…

A major challenge in the development of new battery materials is understanding their fundamental mechanisms of operation and degradation. Their microscopically inhomogeneous nature calls for characterization tools that provide operando and…

In this contribution we present a new modeling and simulation framework for parametrized Lithium-ion battery cells. We first derive a new continuum model for a rather general intercalation battery cell on the basis of non-equilibrium…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-10-13 M. Landstorfer , M. Ohlberger , S. Rave , M. Tacke

With the increased pervasiveness of Lithium-ion batteries, there is growing concern for the amount of retired batteries that will be entering the waste stream. Although these batteries no longer meet the demands of their first application,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-24 Joseph A. Drallmeier , Clement Wong , Charles E. Solbrig , Jason B. Siegel , Anna G. Stefanopoulou

This letter focuses on enhancing target detection performance for a multi-user integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system using orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS)-aided cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Shivani Singh , Amudheesan Nakkeeran , Prem Singh , Ekant Sharma , Jyotsna Bapat

Non-circuit theory drift-diffusion numerical simulation of standard potentiostatic impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a well-known strategy for characterization of materials and electronic devices. It implies the time-dependent solutions from…