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Analyzing quantum many-body problems and elucidating the entangled structure of quantum states is a significant challenge common to a wide range of fields. Recently, a novel approach using machine learning was introduced to address this…

We study supervised learning algorithms in which a quantum device is used to perform a computational subroutine - either for prediction via probability estimation, or to compute a kernel via estimation of quantum states overlap. We design…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already driving scientific breakthroughs in a variety of research fields, ranging from the life sciences to mathematics. This raises a critical question: can AI be applied both responsibly and effectively to…

This paper discusses the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in optical communication networks and 5G. It primarily introduces representative applications of AI technology and potential risks of AI technology failure…

According to our current conception of physics, any valid physical theory is supposed to describe the objective evolution of a unique external world. However, this condition is challenged by quantum theory, which suggests that physical…

Can AI agents deal with hard choices -- cases where options are incommensurable because multiple objectives are pursued simultaneously? Adopting a technologically engaged approach distinct from existing philosophical literature, I submit…

Innovations in AI have focused primarily on the questions of "what" and "how"-algorithms for finding patterns in web searches, for instance-without adequate attention to the possible harms (such as privacy, bias, or manipulation) and…

In the decade since 2010, successes in artificial intelligence have been at the forefront of computer science and technology, and vector space models have solidified a position at the forefront of artificial intelligence. At the same time,…

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the emerging field of AI for mathematics. It covers the core principles and diverse applications of using artificial intelligence to advance mathematical research. Through…

Humans and machines interact more frequently than ever and our societies are becoming increasingly hybrid. A consequence of this hybridisation is the degradation of societal trust due to the prevalence of AI-enabled deception. Yet, despite…

In the times we live in today, humanity faces unprecedented environmental challenges. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has opened new doors in our collective efforts to address our planet's pressing problems; however, many have…

Since Artificial Intelligence (AI) software uses techniques like deep lookahead search and stochastic optimization of huge neural networks to fit mammoth datasets, it often results in complex behavior that is difficult for people to…

This paper explores the changes that pervasive AI is having on the nature of combat. We look beyond the substitution of AI for experts to an approach where complementary human and machine abilities are blended. Using historical and modern…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is about making computers that do the sorts of things that minds can do, and as we progress towards this goal, we tend to increasingly delegate human tasks to machines. However, AI systems usually do these tasks…

The emerging paradigm of AI co-scientists focuses on tasks characterized by repeatable verification, where agents explore search spaces in 'guess and check' loops. This paradigm does not extend to problems where repeated evaluation is…

This thesis is intended in part to summarize and also to contribute to the newest developments in passive linear optics that have resulted, directly or indirectly, from the somewhat shocking discovery in 2010 that the BosonSampling problem…

Quantum interference takes center stage in the realm of quantum particles, playing a crucial role in revealing their wave-like nature and probabilistic behavior. It relies on the concept of superposition, where the probability amplitudes of…

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming astronomical research, yet the scientific community has largely treated this transformation as an engineering challenge rather than an epistemological one. This perspective article argues that…

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opacity of algorithms, contextualized in the open debate on responsibility for artificial intelligence causation; with an experimental approach by which, applying the proposed conversational…

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the name popularly given to a broad spectrum of computer tools designed to perform increasingly complex cognitive tasks, including many that used to solely be the province of humans. As these tools become…