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Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the standard approach for adapting large language models under limited compute and memory budgets. Although previous methods improve efficiency through low-rank updates, quantization, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhuxuanzi Wang , Mingqiao Mo , Xi Xiao , Chen Liu , Chenrui Ma , Yunbei Zhang , Xiao Wang , Smita Krishnaswamy , Tianyang Wang

Projected gradient descent and its Riemannian variant belong to a typical class of methods for low-rank matrix estimation. This paper proposes a new Nesterov's Accelerated Riemannian Gradient algorithm by efficient orthographic retraction…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Hongyi Li , Zhen Peng , Chengwei Pan , Di Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central post-training paradigm for large language models (LLMs), but its performance is highly sensitive to the quality of training problems. This sensitivity stems from the non-stationarity of RL:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ningyuan Yang , Weihua Du , Weiwei Sun , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang

Graph combinatorial optimization (GCO) has attracted growing interest, as many NP-hard problems naturally admit graph formulations, yet their combinatorial explosion renders exact methods computationally intractable. Recent advances in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Franco Terranova , Guillermo Bernardez , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio , Nina Miolane , Abdelkader Lahmadi

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is the default way to adapt LLMs, but widely used LoRA and QLoRA are largely geometry-agnostic: they optimize in fixed, randomly oriented low-rank subspaces with first-order descent, mostly ignoring…

Addressing missing modalities is an important challenge in multimodal image analysis and often relies on complex architectures that do not transfer easily to different datasets without architectural modifications or hyperparameter tuning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Niels Vyncke , Pooya Ashtari , Aleksandra Pižurica

Low-rank regularization (LRR) has been widely applied in various machine learning tasks, but the associated optimization is challenging. Directly optimizing the rank function under constraints is NP-hard in general. To overcome this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Naiqi Li , Yuqiu Xie , Peiyuan Liu , Tao Dai , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Learning multiple tasks sequentially without forgetting previous knowledge, called Continual Learning(CL), remains a long-standing challenge for neural networks. Most existing methods rely on additional network capacity or data replay. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Hao Liu , Huaping Liu

Deep neural network training involves both forward propagation (from features through logits to loss) and backward propagation (from loss through gradients to parameter updates). While perturbations along the forward chain, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hua Li

Foundation models (FMs) are pre-trained on large-scale datasets and then fine-tuned for a specific downstream task. The most common fine-tuning method is to update pretrained weights via low-rank adaptation (LoRA). Existing initialization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Fabian Paischer , Lukas Hauzenberger , Thomas Schmied , Benedikt Alkin , Marc Peter Deisenroth , Sepp Hochreiter

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become essential for deploying large language models, yet their static parameter allocation remains suboptimal for inputs of varying complexity. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Han Zhou , Zihao Fu , Nigel Collier

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) emerges as a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method, which proposes to freeze pretrained model weights and update an additive low-rank trainable matrix. In this work, we study the enhancement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Fangzhao Zhang , Mert Pilanci

Gradient-based optimization has been a cornerstone of machine learning that enabled the vast advances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) development over the past decades. However, this type of optimization requires differentiation, and with…

Adapting large pretrained vision models to medical image classification is often limited by memory, computation, and task-specific specializations. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA reduce this cost by learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Moein Heidari , Yijin Huang , Yasamin Medghalchi , Alireza Rafiee , Roger Tam , Ilker Hacihaliloglu

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. LoRA is one of the most widely used methods, which assumes that the optimization process is essentially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Changqun Li , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

The Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) algorithm is a widely used and efficient first-order method for solving constrained optimization problems due to its simplicity and scalability in large design spaces. Building on recent advancements in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Lucka Barbeau , Marc-Étienne Lamarche-Gagnon , Florin Ilinca

Human Activity Recognition is a foundational task in pervasive computing. While recent advances in self-supervised learning and transformer-based architectures have significantly improved HAR performance, adapting large pretrained models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Irina Seregina , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

We present Generalized LoRA (GLoRA), an advanced approach for universal parameter-efficient fine-tuning tasks. Enhancing Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), GLoRA employs a generalized prompt module to optimize pre-trained model weights and adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Arnav Chavan , Zhuang Liu , Deepak Gupta , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

The rapid expansion of Large Language Models (LLMs) has posed significant challenges regarding the computational resources required for fine-tuning and deployment. Recent advancements in low-rank adapters have demonstrated their efficacy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 J. Pablo Muñoz , Jinjie Yuan , Nilesh Jain

Large language models (LLMs) have not yet effectively leveraged the vast amounts of edge-device data, and federated learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm to collaboratively fine-tune LLMs without transferring private edge data to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Arian Raje , Baris Askin , Divyansh Jhunjhunwala , Gauri Joshi