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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is computationally intensive because it requires updating all parameters. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) improves efficiency by modifying only a subset of weights but introduces a trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Abdessalam Ed-dib , Zhanibek Datbayev , Amine Mohamed Aboussalah

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method that learns weight updates $\Delta W = AB$ for pretrained weights $W$ through low-rank adapters $A$ and $B$. While LoRA ensures hardware efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yibo Zhong , Jinman Zhao , Yao Zhou

We consider the penalized distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem with a closed, convex uncertainty set, a setting that encompasses learning using $f$-DRO and spectral/$L$-risk minimization. We present Drago, a stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-12 Ronak Mehta , Jelena Diakonikolas , Zaid Harchaoui

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks via full fine-tuning is increasingly impractical due to its computational and memory demands. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jing Gao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Pan Zhang , Ze-Feng Gao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) significantly reduces memory costs when adapting large language models (LLMs) for downstream applications. However, traditional first-order (FO) fine-tuning algorithms incur substantial memory overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yiming Chen , Yuan Zhang , Liyuan Cao , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Modern Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods such as low-rank adaptation (LoRA) reduce the cost of customizing large language models (LLMs), yet still require a separate optimization run for every downstream dataset. We introduce…

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

LoRA has become a universal Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) technique that equips Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt quickly to new tasks. However, when these models are scaled up, even the latest LoRA variants still introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xindian Ma , Rundong Kong , Peng Zhang , Ruoxiang Huang , Yongyu Jiang

We present a novel optimization-based decoding algorithm for LDPC codes that is suitable for hardware architectures specialized to feed-forward neural networks. The algorithm is based on the projected gradient descent algorithm with a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Tadashi Wadayama , Satoshi Takabe

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a popular way to adapt large pre-trained models to new tasks. Most PEFT methods update only a small subset of parameters while freezing the rest, avoiding redundant computation. As they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sungmin Kang , Jisoo Kim , Salman Avestimehr , Sunwoo Lee

The substantial computational demands of modern large-scale deep learning present significant challenges for efficient training and deployment. Recent research has revealed a widespread phenomenon wherein deep networks inherently learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Laura Balzano , Tianjiao Ding , Benjamin D. Haeffele , Soo Min Kwon , Qing Qu , Peng Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Can Yaras

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks has become increasingly crucial due to their widespread use and the growing availability of open-source models. However, the high memory costs associated with fine-tuning remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 David H. Yang , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Tejaswini Pedapati , Subhajit Chaudhury , Pin-Yu Chen

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

Fully connected layers are a primary source of memory and computational overhead in deep neural networks due to their dense, often redundant parameterization. While various compression techniques exist, they frequently introduce complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Maksymilian Szorc

Fine-tuning large pre-trained foundation models often yields excellent downstream performance but is prohibitively expensive when updating all parameters. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods such as LoRA alleviate this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yibo Zhong , Haoxiang Jiang , Lincan Li , Ryumei Nakada , Tianci Liu , Linjun Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Haoyu Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as an effective technique for reducing memory overhead in fine-tuning large language models. However, it often suffers from sub-optimal performance compared with full fine-tuning since the update is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xin Yu , Yujia Wang , Jinghui Chen , Lingzhou Xue

In this paper, we introduce Nested Low-Rank Adaptation (NoRA), a novel approach to parameter-efficient fine-tuning that extends the capabilities of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) techniques. Vanilla LoRA overlooks pre-trained weight inheritance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Cheng Lin , Lujun Li , Dezhi Li , Jie Zou , Wei Xue , Yike Guo

Fine-tuning has become a popular approach to adapting large foundational models to specific tasks. As the size of models and datasets grows, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques are increasingly important. One of the most widely used…

Graph matching aims to find correspondences between two graphs. This paper integrates several well-known graph matching algorithms into a framework: the constrained gradient method. The primary difference among these algorithms lies in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Binrui Shen , Qiang Niu , Shengxin Zhu

Recently, pre-trained model and efficient parameter tuning have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and high-level computer vision with the aid of masked modeling and prompt tuning. In low-level computer vision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Donwon Park , Hayeon Kim , Se Young Chun