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As large language models (LLMs) scale to billions of parameters, full-parameter fine-tuning becomes compute- and memory-prohibitive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) mitigates this issue by updating only a small set of task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xuan Cui , Huiyue Li , Run Zeng , Yunfei Zhao , Jinrui Qian , Wei Duan , Bo Liu , Zhanpeng Zhou

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Orthogonal parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) adapts pretrained weights through structure-preserving multiplicative transformations, but existing methods often conflate two distinct design choices: the subspace in which adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Lanxin Zhao , Bamdev Mishra , Pratik Jawanpuria , Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Junbin Gao , Andi Han

Large Language Models' (LLMs) weight matrices can often be expressed in low-rank form with potential to relax memory and compute resource requirements. Unlike prior efforts that focus on developing novel matrix decompositions, in this work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ajay Jaiswal , Yifan Wang , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Runjin Chen , Jiawei Zhao , Ananth Grama , Yuandong Tian , Zhangyang Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely adopted technique for fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models with minimal parameter updates. However, existing methods rely on fixed ranks or focus solely on either rank pruning or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Huandong Chang , Zicheng Ma , Mingyuan Ma , Zhenting Qi , Andrew Sabot , Hong Jiang , H. T. Kung

While traditional Deep Learning (DL) optimization methods treat all training samples equally, Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) adaptively assigns importance weights to different samples. However, a significant gap exists between…

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, such as LoRA, reduces the number of trainable parameters. However, they often suffer from scalability issues and differences between their learning pattern and full fine-tuning. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Hamid Nasiri , Peter Garraghan

The rapid growth of model scale has necessitated substantial computational resources for fine-tuning. Existing approach such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has sought to address the problem of handling the large updated parameters in full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yiming Shi , Jiwei Wei , Yujia Wu , Ran Ran , Chengwei Sun , Shiyuan He , Yang Yang

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has gained prominence through low-rank adaptation methods like LoRA. In this paper, we focus on sparsity-based PEFT (SPEFT), which introduces trainable sparse adaptations to the weight matrices in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xinxin Liu , Aaron Thomas , Cheng Zhang , Jianyi Cheng , Yiren Zhao , Xitong Gao

Fine-tuning large pretrained Transformer models can focus on either introducing a small number of new learnable parameters (parameter efficiency) or editing representations of a small number of tokens using lightweight modules…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chinmay Savadikar , Xi Song , Tianfu Wu

We present a data-adaptive method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large neural networks. Standard low-rank adaptation methods improve efficiency by restricting each layer update to a fixed low-rank form, but this static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omatharv Bharat Vaidya , Connor T. Jerzak , Nhat Ho , Chandrajit Bajaj

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have shown impressive results in reducing the number of trainable parameters and memory requirements of large transformer networks while maintaining fine-tuning performance. The low-rank nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Paul Albert , Frederic Z. Zhang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Anton van den Hengel , Ehsan Abbasnejad

This paper presents a gradient-informed fine-tuning method for large language models under few-shot conditions. The goal is to enhance task adaptability and training stability when data is limited. The method builds on a base loss function…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongye Zheng , Yichen Wang , Ray Pan , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang

Parameter-efficient tuning methods such as LoRA could achieve comparable performance to model tuning by tuning a small portion of the parameters. However, substantial computational resources are still required, as this process involves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Feihu Jin , Yin Liu , Ying Tan

LoRA-based large model parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods use low-rank de- composition to approximate updates to model parameters. However, compared to full- parameter fine-tuning, low-rank updates often lead to a performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haojie Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is now the dominant method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but achieving a high-quality adapter often requires systematic hyperparameter tuning because LoRA performance is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Jingwei Zuo , Xinze Feng , Zien Liu , Kaijian Wang , Fanjiang Ye , Ye Cao , Zhuang Wang , Yuke Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained foundation models is increasingly attracting interest in medical imaging due to its effectiveness and computational efficiency. Among these methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ghassen Baklouti , Julio Silva-Rodríguez , Jose Dolz , Houda Bahig , Ismail Ben Ayed