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Legal AI systems are increasingly being adopted by judicial and legal system deployers and providers worldwide to support a range of applications. While they offer potential benefits such as reducing bias, increasing efficiency, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Gizem Gultekin-Varkonyi

Sign language translation (SLT) is often decomposed into video-to-gloss recognition and gloss-to-text translation, where a gloss is a sequence of transcribed spoken-language words in the order in which they are signed. We focus here on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Amit Moryossef , Kayo Yin , Graham Neubig , Yoav Goldberg

Contracts play an important role in business where relationships among different parties are dictated by legal rules. The notion of electronic contracts has emerged mostly due to technological advances and the electronic trading among…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Adilson Luiz Bonifacio , Wellington Aparecido Della Mura

Getting an overview over the legal domain has become challenging, especially in a broad, international context. Legal question answering systems have the potential to alleviate this task by automatically retrieving relevant legal texts for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Sabine Wehnert , Sayed Anisul Hoque , Wolfram Fenske , Gunter Saake

We suggest that the analysis of incomplete contracting developed by law and economics researchers can provide a useful framework for understanding the AI alignment problem and help to generate a systematic approach to finding solutions. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Gillian Hadfield

This paper presents our research towards a near-term future in which legal entities, such as individuals and organisations can entrust semi-autonomous AI-driven agents to carry out online interactions on their behalf. The author's research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jesse Wright

This paper examines the current state-of-the-art of German text simplification, focusing on parallel and monolingual German corpora. It reviews neural language models for simplifying German texts and assesses their suitability for legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Thorben Schomacker , Michael Gille , Jörg von der Hülls , Marina Tropmann-Frick

Sensemaking in unfamiliar domains can be challenging, demanding considerable user effort to compare different options with respect to various criteria. Prior research and our formative study found that people would benefit from reading an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Michael Xieyang Liu , Tongshuang Wu , Tianying Chen , Franklin Mingzhe Li , Aniket Kittur , Brad A. Myers

The complexities of legalese in terms and policy documents can bind individuals to contracts they do not fully comprehend, potentially leading to uninformed data sharing. Our work seeks to alleviate this issue by developing language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Shikha Soneji , Mitchell Hoesing , Sujay Koujalgi , Jonathan Dodge

Large language models (LLMs) have precipitated a dramatic improvement in the legal domain, yet the deployment of standalone models faces significant limitations regarding hallucination, outdated information, and verifiability. Recently, LLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shuang Liu , Ruijia Zhang , Ruoyun Ma , Yujia Deng , Lanyi Zhu , Jiayu Li , Zelong Li , Zhibin Shen , Mengnan Du

The growing intersection of cybersecurity and law creates a complex information space where traditional legal research tools struggle to deal with nuanced connections between cases, statutes, and technical vulnerabilities. This knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chiara Bonfanti , Alessandro Druetto , Cataldo Basile , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Marcos Zampieri

Smart contracts are tools with self-execution capabilities that provide enhanced security compared to traditional contracts; however, their immutability makes post-deployment fault correction extremely complex, highlighting the need for a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Murilo de Souza Neves , Adilson Luiz Bonifacio

Large language models (LLMs) have seen rapid improvement in the recent years, and have been used in a wider range of applications. After being trained on large text corpus, LLMs obtain the capability of extracting rich features from textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Huiying Liu , Zekun Zhang , Honghao Li , Qilin Wu , Yiwen Zhang

Legal reasoning requires distinguishing changes that matter from those that do not. Legal AI should remain stable under legally irrelevant perturbations, but should change when perturbations alter legally material points. We formulate this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Chen Linze , Cai Yufan , Hou Zhe , Dong Jin Song

With a market capitalisation of over USD 205 billion in just under ten years, public distributed ledgers have experienced significant adoption. Apart from novel consensus mechanisms, their success is also accountable to smart contracts.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Dominik Harz , William Knottenbelt

Modern legislative frameworks, such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA), often involve complex webs of agencies, mandates, and interdependencies. Government issued charts attempt to depict these structures but are typically static, dense, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Aadarsh Rajiv Patel , Klaus Mueller

Auto-bidding is a crucial task in real-time advertising markets, where policies must optimize long-horizon value under delivery constraints (e.g., budget and CPA). Existing methods for auto-bidding rely on compact numerical state…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Guanyu Zhu , Jining Luan , Hanwen Du , Xinyu Fang , Sibo Xu , Ersheng Ni , Hongji Li , Jincheng Fang , Ronghao Chen , Huacan Wang , Xuanqi Lan , Yongxin Ni , Yiqi Sun , Youhua Li

Complex text is a major barrier for many citizens when accessing public information and knowledge. While often done manually, Text Simplification is a key Natural Language Processing task that aims for reducing the linguistic complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lorenzo Corti , Jie Yang

Statutory law retrieval is a typical problem in legal language processing, that has various practical applications in law engineering. Modern deep learning-based retrieval methods have achieved significant results for this problem. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Hai-Long Nguyen , Tan-Minh Nguyen , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Thi-Hai-Yen Vuong , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Xuan-Hieu Phan

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen