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READMEs shape first impressions of software projects, yet what constitutes a good README varies across audiences and contexts. Research software needs reproducibility details, while open-source libraries might prioritize quick-start guides.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Hima Mynampaty , Nathania Josephine , Katherine E. Isaacs , Andrew M. McNutt

Checking the compliance of software against laws, regulations and contracts is increasingly important and costly as the embedding of software into societal practices is becoming more pervasive. Moreover, the digitalised services provided by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 L. Thomas van Binsbergen , Christopher A. Esterhuyse , Tim Müller

Information on the web, such as scientific publications and Wikipedia, often surpasses users' reading level. To help address this, we used a self-refinement approach to develop a LLM capability for minimally lossy text simplification. To…

Contract review is an essential step in construction projects to prevent potential losses. However, the current methods for reviewing construction contracts lack effectiveness and reliability, leading to time-consuming and error-prone…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Saika Wong , Chunmo Zheng , Xing Su , Yinqiu Tang

The potential of large language models (LLMs) in specialized domains such as legal risk analysis remains underexplored. In response to growing interest in locally deploying open-source LLMs for legal tasks while preserving data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shuang Liu , Zelong Li , Ruoyun Ma , Haiyan Zhao , Mengnan Du

Current approaches for service composition (assemblies of atomic services) require developers to use: (a) domain-specific semantics to formalize services that restrict the vocabulary for their descriptions, and (b) translation mechanisms…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-07 Oscar J. Romero , Ankit Dangi , Sushma A. Akoju

Automated legal reasoning and its application in smart contracts and automated decisions are increasingly attracting interest. In this context, ethical and legal concerns make it necessary for automated reasoners to justify in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Joaquín Arias , Mar Moreno-Rebato , José A. Rodríguez-García , Sascha Ossowski

Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated promising capabilities in following simple instructions through instruction tuning. However, real-world tasks often involve complex, multi-step instructions that remain challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdulfattah Safa , Tamta Kapanadze , Arda Uzunoğlu , Gözde Gül Şahin

Clear legal language forms the backbone of a contract for numerous reasons. Disputes often arise between contract parties where ambiguous language has been used and parties often disagree on the meaning or effect of the words. Unambiguous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Emily Chivers , Shawn Curran

Text simplification is essential for making complex content accessible to diverse audiences who face comprehension challenges. Yet, the limited availability of simplified materials creates significant barriers to personal and professional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Michael Färber , Parisa Aghdam , Kyuri Im , Mario Tawfelis , Hardik Ghoshal

In this study, we focus on two main tasks, the first for detecting legal violations within unstructured textual data, and the second for associating these violations with potentially affected individuals. We constructed two datasets using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Dor Bernsohn , Gil Semo , Yaron Vazana , Gila Hayat , Ben Hagag , Joel Niklaus , Rohit Saha , Kyryl Truskovskyi

AI is increasingly being offered 'as a service' (AIaaS). This entails service providers offering customers access to pre-built AI models and services, for tasks such as object recognition, text translation, text-to-voice conversion, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Seyyed Ahmad Javadi , Richard Cloete , Jennifer Cobbe , Michelle Seng Ah Lee , Jatinder Singh

Automatic text simplification (TS) aims to automate the process of rewriting text to make it easier for people to read. A pre-requisite for TS to be useful is that it should convey information that is consistent with the meaning of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Sweta Agrawal , Marine Carpuat

Contract review is a complex and time-intensive task that typically demands specialized legal expertise, rendering it largely inaccessible to non-experts. Moreover, legal interpretation is rarely straightforward-ambiguity is pervasive, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Petros Raptopoulos , Giorgos Filandrianos , Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming artificial intelligence, enabling autonomous agents to perform diverse tasks across various domains. These agents, proficient in human-like text comprehension and generation, have the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Saikat Barua

State-of-the-art text simplification (TS) systems adopt end-to-end neural network models to directly generate the simplified version of the input text, and usually function as a blackbox. Moreover, TS is usually treated as an all-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Yu Qiao , Xiaofei Li , Daniel Wiechmann , Elma Kerz

The legal landscape encompasses a wide array of lawsuit types, presenting lawyers with challenges in delivering timely and accurate information to clients, particularly concerning critical aspects like potential imprisonment duration or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jia-Hong Huang , Chao-Chun Yang , Yixian Shen , Alessio M. Pacces , Evangelos Kanoulas

Understanding temporal relationships and accurately reconstructing the event timeline is important for case law analysis, compliance monitoring, and legal summarization. However, existing benchmarks lack specialized language evaluation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Claire Barale , Leslie Barrett , Vikram Sunil Bajaj , Michael Rovatsos

For many legal operations teams, the management of the contracts and agreements that their organization are negotiating or have been executed is an encompassing and time-consuming task. This has resulted in specialized tools for Contract…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Sasha Vtyurina , Adam Roegiest

Legal texts routinely use concepts that are difficult to understand. Lawyers elaborate on the meaning of such concepts by, among other things, carefully investigating how have they been used in past. Finding text snippets that mention a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Jaromir Savelka , Kevin D. Ashley