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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has been used to enhance the reasoning capability of LLMs. However, its reliability in security-sensitive analytical tasks remains insufficiently examined, particularly under structured human evaluation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jiling Zhou , Aisvarya Adeseye , Seppo Virtanen , Antti Hakkala , Jouni Isoaho

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful re-rankers. Recent research has however showed that simple prompt injections embedded within a candidate document (i.e., jailbreak prompt attacks) can significantly alter an LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yu Yin , Shuai Wang , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Large language models (LLMs) enhance security through alignment when widely used, but remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks capable of producing inappropriate content. Jailbreak detection methods show promise in mitigating jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Guorui Chen , Yifan Xia , Xiaojun Jia , Zhijiang Li , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Prompt-based learning is a new language model training paradigm that adapts the Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to downstream tasks, which revitalizes the performance benchmarks across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Yue Xu , Wenjie Wang

Automatically detecting software vulnerabilities in source code is an important problem that has attracted much attention. In particular, deep learning-based vulnerability detectors, or DL-based detectors, are attractive because they do not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Zhen Li , Jing Tang , Deqing Zou , Qian Chen , Shouhuai Xu , Chao Zhang , Yichen Li , Hai Jin

Malicious examples are crucial for evaluating the robustness of machine learning algorithms under attack, particularly in Industrial Control Systems (ICS). However, collecting normal and attack data in ICS environments is challenging due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

Adversarial prompts generated using gradient-based methods exhibit outstanding performance in performing automatic jailbreak attacks against safety-aligned LLMs. Nevertheless, due to the discrete nature of texts, the input gradient of LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

Deep learning (DL) libraries, widely used in AI applications, often contain vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and use-after-free errors. Traditional fuzzing struggles with the complexity and API diversity of DL libraries such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Kunpeng Zhang , Shuai Wang , Jitao Han , Xiaogang Zhu , Xian Li , Shaohua Wang , Sheng Wen

Diffusion language models (DLMs) generate tokens in parallel through iterative denoising, which can reduce latency and enable bidirectional conditioning. However, the safety risks posed by jailbreak attacks that exploit this inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shojiro Yamabe , Jun Sakuma

Relational Databases (RDBs) are the backbone of modern business, yet they lack foundation models comparable to those in text or vision. A key obstacle is that high-quality RDBs are private, scarce, and structurally heterogeneous, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yanbo Wang , Jiaxuan You , Chuan Shi , Muhan Zhang

Data-driven systems depend on task-relevant data, yet data collection pipelines remain passive and indiscriminate. Continuous logging of multimodal sensor streams incurs high storage costs and captures irrelevant data. This paper proposes a…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Philipp Reis , Philipp Rigoll , Martin Zehetner , Jacqueline Henle , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in safety-critical applications, their vulnerability to potential jailbreaks -- malicious prompts that can disable the safety mechanism of LLMs -- has attracted growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jiahao Zhang , Zilong Wang , Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

LLM-based (Large Language Model) fuzz driver generation is a promising research area. Unlike traditional program analysis-based method, this text-based approach is more general and capable of harnessing a variety of API usage information,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Cen Zhang , Yaowen Zheng , Mingqiang Bai , Yeting Li , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Yuekang Li , Limin Sun , Yang Liu

Safety is a paramount concern for large language models (LLMs) in open deployment, motivating the development of safeguard methods that enforce ethical and responsible use through safety alignment or guardrail mechanisms. Jailbreak attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Qingzhao Zhang , Ziyang Xiong , Z. Morley Mao

Large language models are increasingly used for vulnerability detection, yet their reliability under different prompt formulations remains uncharacterized. We present PromptAudit, a controlled evaluation framework that isolates prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Steffen J. Camarato , Yahya Hmaiti , Mandana Ghadamian , David Mohaisen

Large language models (LLMs) are trained through multi-stage pipelines over heterogeneous data sources, yet developers lack a principled way to pinpoint the specific data responsible for an observed behavior. This lack of observability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Wenjie Jacky Mo , Qin Liu , Xiaofei Wen , Wenxuan Zhou , Zhe Zhao , Muhao Chen

With the proliferation of LLM-integrated applications such as GPT-s, millions are deployed, offering valuable services through proprietary instruction prompts. These systems, however, are prone to prompt extraction attacks through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Junlin Wang , Tianyi Yang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been suggested for use in automated vulnerability repair, but benchmarks showing they can consistently identify security-related bugs are lacking. We thus develop SecLLMHolmes, a fully automated evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Saad Ullah , Mingji Han , Saurabh Pujar , Hammond Pearce , Ayse Coskun , Gianluca Stringhini

Large language models (LLMs) are inherently vulnerable to unintended privacy breaches. Consequently, systematic red-teaming research is essential for developing robust defense mechanisms. However, current data extraction methods suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhiqiang Wang , Ruoxi Cheng

Conventional commits provide a structured format for writing commit messages, which improves readability, software maintenance, and enables automation tools such as changelog generators and semantic versioning systems. Existing approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 H. M. Sazzad Quadir , Sakib Al Hasan , Md. Nurul Ahad Tawhid
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