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Related papers: Digital Labor: Challenges, Ethical Insights, and I…

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Crowd work platforms like Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prolific are vital for research, yet workers' growing use of generative AI tools poses challenges. Researchers face compromised data validity as AI responses replace authentic human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Amanda Chan , Catherine Di , Joseph Rupertus , Gary Smith , Varun Nagaraj Rao , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

The rapid growth of the digital platform economy is transforming labor markets, offering new employment opportunities with promises of flexibility and accessibility. However, these benefits often come at the expense of increased economic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Clara Punzi

Fairness in AI and ML systems is increasingly linked to the proper treatment and recognition of data workers involved in training dataset development. Yet, those who collect and annotate the data, and thus have the most intimate knowledge…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Annabel Rothschild , Ding Wang , Niveditha Jayakumar Vilvanathan , Lauren Wilcox , Carl DiSalvo , Betsy DiSalvo

Crowdsourcing markets provide workers with a centralized place to find paid work. What may not be obvious at first glance is that, in addition to the work they do for pay, crowd workers also have to shoulder a variety of unpaid invisible…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Carlos Toxtli , Siddharth Suri , Saiph Savage

Labor plays a major, albeit largely unrecognized role in the development of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms are predicated on data-intensive processes that rely on humans to execute repetitive and difficult-to-automate,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Antonio A. Casilli , Paola Tubaro , Maxime Cornet , Clément Le Ludec , Juana Torres-Cierpe , Matheus Viana Braz

Crowdsourcing platforms are a powerful and convenient means for recruiting participants in online studies and collecting data from the crowd. As information work is being more and more automated by Machine Learning algorithms, creativity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Jonas Oppenlaender , Aku Visuri , Kristy Milland , Panos Ipeirotis , Simo Hosio

Digital platforms capitalize on users' labor, often disguising essential contributions as casual activities or consumption, regardless of users' recognition of their efforts. Data annotation, content creation, and engagement with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Antonio A. Casilli

To harness the true potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for societal betterment, we need to move away from prioritising corporate interests which exploit Global South workers in the digital age. The unpaid labour and societal harms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Nana Mgbechikwere Nwachukwu , Jennafer Shae Roberts , Laura N Montoya

As freelancing work keeps on growing almost everywhere due to a sharp decrease in communication costs and to the widespread of Internet-based labour marketplaces (e.g., guru.com, feelancer.com, mturk.com, upwork.com), many researchers and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Giorgio Barnabò , Adriano Fazzone , Stefano Leonardi , Chris Schwiegelshohn

While Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT) helped launch the paid crowd work industry eight years ago, many new vendors now offer a range of alternative models. Despite this, little crowd work research has explored other platforms. Such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Donna Vakharia , Matthew Lease

Although freelancing work has grown substantially in recent years, in part facilitated by a number of online labor marketplaces, (e.g., Guru, Freelancer, Amazon Mechanical Turk), traditional forms of "in-sourcing" work continue being the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Aris Anagnostopoulos , Carlos Castillo , Adriano Fazzone , Stefano Leonardi , Evimaria Terzi

A growing number of people are working as part of on-line crowd work, which has been characterized by its low wages; yet, we know little about wage distribution and causes of low/high earnings. We recorded 2,676 workers performing 3.8…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Kotaro Hara , Abi Adams , Kristy Milland , Saiph Savage , Chris Callison-Burch , Jeffrey Bigham

An unknown number of people around the world are earning income by working through online labour platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk. We combine data collected from various sources to build a data-driven assessment of the…

General Economics · Economics 2021-04-20 Otto Kässi , Vili Lehdonvirta , Fabian Stephany

The study examines the essential features of the so-called platform-based work, which is rapidly evolving into a major, potentially game-changing force in the labor market. From low-skilled, low-paid services (such as passenger transport)…

General Economics · Economics 2021-05-13 Csaba Mako , Miklos Illessy , Jozsef Pap , Saeed Nosratabadi

Crowdsourcing requesters on Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) have raised questions about the reliability of the workers. The AMT workforce is very diverse and it is not possible to make blanket assumptions about them as a group. Some requesters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Jessica Huynh , Jeffrey Bigham , Maxine Eskenazi

Rideshare platforms exert significant control over workers through algorithmic systems that can result in financial, emotional, and physical harm. What steps can platforms, designers, and practitioners take to mitigate these negative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Varun Nagaraj Rao , Samantha Dalal , Eesha Agarwal , Dana Calacci , Andrés Monroy-Hernández

The growing inequality in gig work between workers and platforms has become a critical social issue as gig work plays an increasingly prominent role in the future of work. The AI inequality is caused by (1) the technology divide in who has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Toby Jia-Jun Li , Yuwen Lu , Jaylexia Clark , Meng Chen , Victor Cox , Meng Jiang , Yang Yang , Tamara Kay , Danielle Wood , Jay Brockman

The global AI surge demands crowdworkers from diverse languages and cultures. They are pivotal in labeling data for enabling global AI systems. Despite global significance, research has primarily focused on understanding the perspectives…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Gianna Williams , Maya De Los Santos , Alexandra To , Saiph Savage

Over the past decade, crowdsourcing has emerged as a cheap and efficient method of obtaining solutions to simple tasks that are difficult for computers to solve but possible for humans. The popularity and promise of crowdsourcing markets…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-11-27 Aleksandrs Slivkins , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

Despite a plethora of research dedicated to designing HITs for non-workstations, there is a lack of research looking specifically into workers' perceptions of the suitability of these devices for managing and completing work. In this work,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Senjuti Dutta , Scott Ruoti , Rhema Linder , Alex C. Williams , Anastasia Kuzminykh
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