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Synthesis of diverse driving scenes serves as a crucial data augmentation technique for validating the robustness and generalizability of autonomous driving systems. Current methods aggregate high-definition (HD) maps and 3D bounding boxes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhechao Wang , Yiming Zeng , Lufan Ma , Zeqing Fu , Chen Bai , Ziyao Lin , Cheng Lu

Autonomous driving has long relied on modular "Perception-Decision-Action" pipelines, where hand-crafted interfaces and rule-based components often break down in complex or long-tailed scenarios. Their cascaded design further propagates…

Developing safe autonomous driving systems is a major scientific and technical challenge. Existing AI-based end-to-end solutions do not offer the necessary safety guarantees, while traditional systems engineering approaches are defeated by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Marius Bozga , Joseph Sifakis

Generating realistic and diverse road scenarios is essential for autonomous vehicle testing and validation. Nevertheless, owing to the complexity and variability of real-world road environments, creating authentic and varied scenarios for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Junjie Zhou , Lin Wang , Qiang Meng , Xiaofan Wang

Simulation plays a crucial role in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to the potential risks associated with real-world testing. Although significant progress has been made in the visual aspects of simulators, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wenhao Ding , Yulong Cao , Ding Zhao , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for autonomous vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles need to navigate in dynamically changing environments, they are expected to make accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Yeping Hu , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

This comprehensive survey examines the integration of knowledge-based approaches in autonomous driving systems, specifically focusing on trajectory prediction and planning. We extensively analyze various methodologies for incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kumar Manas , Adrian Paschke

The pursuit of autonomous driving technology hinges on the sophisticated integration of perception, decision-making, and control systems. Traditional approaches, both data-driven and rule-based, have been hindered by their inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Licheng Wen , Xuemeng Yang , Daocheng Fu , Xiaofeng Wang , Pinlong Cai , Xin Li , Tao Ma , Yingxuan Li , Linran Xu , Dengke Shang , Zheng Zhu , Shaoyan Sun , Yeqi Bai , Xinyu Cai , Min Dou , Shuanglu Hu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

Testing of autonomous systems is extremely important as many of them are both safety-critical and security-critical. The architecture and mechanism of such systems are fundamentally different from traditional control software, which appears…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

Automated driving functions (ADFs) have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, their safety must be assured. Thus, the verification and validation of these functions is still an important open issue in research and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Daniel Becker , Guido Küppers , Lutz Eckstein

Comprehensive situational awareness is essential for autonomous vehicles operating in safety-critical environments, as it enables the identification and mitigation of potential risks. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sainithin Artham , Shankar Gangisetty , Avijit Dasgupta , C. V. Jawahar

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) aim to improve traffic safety and efficiency by reducing human error. However, ensuring AVs reliability and safety is a challenging task when rare, high-risk traffic scenarios are considered. These 'Corner Cases'…

Testing and validating Autonomous Vehicle (AV) performance in safety-critical and diverse scenarios is crucial before real-world deployment. However, manually creating such scenarios in simulation remains a significant and time-consuming…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Efimia Panagiotaki , Georgi Pramatarov , Lars Kunze , Daniele De Martini

Autonomous vehicles currently suffer from a time-inefficient driving style caused by uncertainty about human behavior in traffic interactions. Accurate and reliable prediction models enabling more efficient trajectory planning could make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Julian Frederik Schumann , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

Foundation models have indeed made a profound impact on various fields, emerging as pivotal components that significantly shape the capabilities of intelligent systems. In the context of intelligent vehicles, leveraging the power of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sheng Luo , Wei Chen , Wanxin Tian , Rui Liu , Luanxuan Hou , Xiubao Zhang , Haifeng Shen , Ruiqi Wu , Shuyi Geng , Yi Zhou , Ling Shao , Yi Yang , Bojun Gao , Qun Li , Guobin Wu

This paper explores the role and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, specifically AI-based software elements, in autonomous driving systems. These AI systems are fundamental in executing real-time critical functions in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mandar Pitale , Alireza Abbaspour , Devesh Upadhyay

Autonomous vehicle safety is crucial for the successful deployment of self-driving cars. However, most existing planning methods rely heavily on imitation learning, which limits their ability to leverage collision data effectively.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zi Wang , Shiyi Lan , Xinglong Sun , Nadine Chang , Zhenxin Li , Zhiding Yu , Jose M. Alvarez

Autonomous Vehicle (AV) requires rigorous testing in safety-critical scenarios for safety validation, yet its validation is hindered by the high cost of field testing and the lack of fidelity in current simulations for rare safety-critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongyi Zhao , Shuo Wang , Qijie He , Ziyuan Pu

Driving in compliance with traffic laws and regulations is a basic requirement for human drivers, yet autonomous vehicles (AVs) can violate these requirements in diverse real-world scenarios. To encode law compliance into AV systems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bowen Jian , Rongjie Yu , Hong Wang , Liqiang Wang , Zihang Zou

Semantic scene understanding is crucial for robotics and computer vision applications. In autonomous driving, 3D semantic segmentation plays an important role for enabling safe navigation. Despite significant advances in the field, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Lucas Nunes , Rodrigo Marcuzzi , Jens Behley , Cyrill Stachniss
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