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Related papers: Foundation Models in Autonomous Driving: A Survey …

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The advent of foundation models has revolutionized the fields of natural language processing and computer vision, paving the way for their application in autonomous driving (AD). This survey presents a comprehensive review of more than 40…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Haoxiang Gao , Zhongruo Wang , Yaqian Li , Kaiwen Long , Ming Yang , Yiqing Shen

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

Autonomous driving systems have witnessed a significant development during the past years thanks to the advance in machine learning-enabled sensing and decision-making algorithms. One critical challenge for their massive deployment in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wenhao Ding , Chejian Xu , Mansur Arief , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Ensuring the safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) remains a critical challenge, as traditional verification methods such as large-scale on-road testing are prohibitively costly and time-consuming.To address…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ji Zhou , Yongqi Zhao , Yixian Hu , Hexuan Li , Zhengguo Gu , Nan Xu , Arno Eichberger

Scenario generation is one of the essential steps in scenario-based testing and, therefore, a significant part of the verification and validation of driver assistance functions and autonomous driving systems. However, the term scenario…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Barbara Schütt , Joshua Ransiek , Thilo Braun , Eric Sax

The emergence of multi-modal foundation models has markedly transformed the technology for autonomous driving, shifting away from conventional and mostly hand-crafted design choices towards unified, foundation-model-based approaches,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kemal Oksuz , Alexandru Buburuzan , Anthony Knittel , Yuhan Yao , Puneet K. Dokania

With the development of artificial intelligence and breakthroughs in deep learning, large-scale Foundation Models (FMs), such as GPT, Sora, etc., have achieved remarkable results in many fields including natural language processing and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jianhua Wu , Bingzhao Gao , Jincheng Gao , Jianhao Yu , Hongqing Chu , Qiankun Yu , Xun Gong , Yi Chang , H. Eric Tseng , Hong Chen , Jie Chen

Foundation models are revolutionizing autonomous driving perception, transitioning the field from narrow, task-specific deep learning models to versatile, general-purpose architectures trained on vast, diverse datasets. This survey examines…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Rajendramayavan Sathyam , Yueqi Li

This paper presents a scenario generation framework that creates diverse, parametrized, and safety-critical driving situations to validate the safety features of autonomous vehicles in simulation [15]. By modeling factors such as road…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Moj Arab

Ensuring the functional correctness and safety of autonomous vehicles is a major challenge for the automotive industry. However, exhaustive physical test drives are not feasible, as billions of driven kilometers would be required to obtain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Barbara Schuett , Thilo Braun , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

Recent advances in foundation models (FMs), including large language models (LLMs), vision-language models (VLMs), and world models, have opened new opportunities for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) in perception, reasoning,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiongfei Wu , Mingfei Cheng , Xiaoning Ren , Qiang Hu , Jianlang Chen , Yuheng Huang , Maxime Cordy , Yao Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yves Le Traon

Scenario-based testing is envisioned as a key approach for the safety assurance of autonomous vehicles. In scenario-based testing, relevant (driving) scenarios are the basis of tests. Many recent works focus on specification, variation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Till Schallau , Stefan Naujokat , Fiona Kullmann , Falk Howar

Safely interacting with humans is a significant challenge for autonomous driving. The performance of this interaction depends on machine learning-based modules of an autopilot, such as perception, behavior prediction, and planning. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Jay Shenoy , Edward Kim , Xiangyu Yue , Taesung Park , Daniel Fremont , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Sanjit Seshia

Foundation models pretrained on diverse data at scale have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities in a wide range of vision and language tasks. When such models are deployed in real world environments, they inevitably interface with other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Sherry Yang , Ofir Nachum , Yilun Du , Jason Wei , Pieter Abbeel , Dale Schuurmans

The potential benefits of autonomous systems have been driving intensive development of such systems, and of supporting tools and methodologies. However, there are still major issues to be dealt with before such development becomes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-25 David Harel , Assaf Marron , Joseph Sifakis

Game-based interactive driving simulations have emerged as versatile platforms for advancing decision-making algorithms in road transport mobility. While these environments offer safe, scalable, and engaging settings for testing driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zhihao Lin , Zhen Tian

Since DARPA Grand Challenges (rural) in 2004/05 and Urban Challenges in 2007, autonomous driving has been the most active field of AI applications. Recently powered by large language models (LLMs), chat systems, such as chatGPT and PaLM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yu Huang , Yue Chen , Zhu Li

Ensuring and validating the safe operation of automated vehicles are key challenges for their market launch. Scenario-based development and test approaches are currently being pursued as possible solutions. An essential prerequisite for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Markus Steimle , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer

The verification and validation of autonomous driving vehicles remains a major challenge due to the high complexity of autonomous driving functions. Scenario-based testing is a promising method for validating such a complex system.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Maximilian Zipfl , Nina Koch , J. Marius Zöllner

The rise of large foundation models, trained on extensive datasets, is revolutionizing the field of AI. Models such as SAM, DALL-E2, and GPT-4 showcase their adaptability by extracting intricate patterns and performing effectively across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xu Yan , Haiming Zhang , Yingjie Cai , Jingming Guo , Weichao Qiu , Bin Gao , Kaiqiang Zhou , Yue Zhao , Huan Jin , Jiantao Gao , Zhen Li , Lihui Jiang , Wei Zhang , Hongbo Zhang , Dengxin Dai , Bingbing Liu
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