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Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools to perform complex, realistic tasks, yet their ability to utilize the rapidly expanding Model Contextual Protocol (MCP) ecosystem remains limited. Existing MCP research covers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Wenhao Wang , Peizhi Niu , Zhao Xu , Zhaoyu Chen , Jian Du , Yaxin Du , Xianghe Pang , Keduan Huang , Yanfeng Wang , Qiang Yan , Siheng Chen

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which encapsulate the implementation of specific functions as interfaces, greatly improve the efficiency of modern software development. As numbers of APIs spring up nowadays, developers can hardly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Yun Peng , Shuqing Li , Wenwei Gu , Yichen Li , Wenxuan Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) applied to code-related applications have emerged as a prominent field, attracting significant interest from both academia and industry. However, as new and improved LLMs are developed, existing evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Naman Jain , King Han , Alex Gu , Wen-Ding Li , Fanjia Yan , Tianjun Zhang , Sida Wang , Armando Solar-Lezama , Koushik Sen , Ion Stoica

In recent years, the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs) has sparked interest in task automation, which involves decomposing complex tasks described by user instructions into sub-tasks and invoking external tools to execute…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yongliang Shen , Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Wenqi Zhang , Kan Ren , Siyu Yuan , Weiming Lu , Dongsheng Li , Yueting Zhuang

Recent advances in LLM Multi-Agent Systems enable scalable orchestration of sub-agents, each coordinating hundreds or thousands of tools or Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. However, existing retrieval methods typically match queries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Elias Lumer , Faheem Nizar , Anmol Gulati , Pradeep Honaganahalli Basavaraju , Vamse Kumar Subbiah

We introduce SimulBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) across a diverse collection of creative simulation scenarios, such as acting as a Linux terminal or playing text games with users. While these simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qi Jia , Xiang Yue , Tianyu Zheng , Jie Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 achieving impressive results in function-level code generation, they struggle with repository-scale code understanding (e.g., coming up with the right arguments for calling routines),…

We introduce Agent2 RL-Bench, a compact diagnostic benchmark for evaluating agentic RL post-training, which tests whether LLM agents can autonomously design, implement, debug, and execute post-training pipelines that improve foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Wanyi Chen , Xiao Yang , Xu Yang , Tianming Sha , Qizheng Li , Zhuo Wang , Bowen Xian , Fang Kong , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian

Large language models (LLMs) and agentic systems have shown promise for automated software development, but applying them to hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) embedded and Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems remains challenging due to the tight…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yiming Li , Yuhan Cheng , Mingchen Ma , Yihang Zou , Ningyuan Yang , Wei Cheng , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen , Tingjun Chen

Large language model (LLM)-based mobile agents are increasingly popular due to their capability to interact directly with mobile phone Graphic User Interfaces (GUIs) and their potential to autonomously manage daily tasks. Despite their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luyuan Wang , Yongyu Deng , Yiwei Zha , Guodong Mao , Qinmin Wang , Tianchen Min , Wei Chen , Shoufa Chen

Software testing is a crucial phase in the software life cycle, helping identify potential risks and reduce maintenance costs. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have proposed an increasing number of LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Modern web services routinely provide REST APIs for clients to access their functionality. These APIs present unique challenges and opportunities for automated testing, driving the recent development of many techniques and tools that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Myeongsoo Kim , Qi Xin , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Language agents, built on top of language models (LMs), are systems that can interact with complex environments, such as the open web. In this work, we examine whether such agents can perform realistic and time-consuming tasks on the web,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ori Yoran , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Chaitanya Malaviya , Ben Bogin , Ofir Press , Jonathan Berant

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed a paradigm shift in programming, giving rise to "vibe coding", where users can build complete projects and even control computers using natural language instructions. This paradigm…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Fanheng Kong , Jingyuan Zhang , Yang Yue , Chenxi Sun , Yang Tian , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yu Tian , Jun Du , Wenchong Zeng , Han Li , Kun Gai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential as autonomous agents, approaching human-expert performance through advanced reasoning and tool orchestration. However, decision-making in fully dynamic and live…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-15 Tianyu Fan , Yuhao Yang , Yangqin Jiang , Yifei Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Chao Huang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in the medical domain, assisting with tasks like clinical note generation and patient communication. However, current LLMs are limited to text-based communication, hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yusheng Liao , Shuyang Jiang , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Recent Text-to-SQL methods leverage large language models (LLMs) by incorporating feedback from the database management system. While these methods effectively address execution errors in SQL queries, they struggle with database mismatches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Zhongyuan Wang , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie , Jaein Kim

LLMs' capabilities are enhanced by using function calls to integrate various data sources or API results into the context window. Typical tools include search, web crawlers, maps, financial data, file systems, and browser usage, etc.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shiqing Fan , Xichen Ding , Liang Zhang , Linjian Mo

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) marks a paradigm shift toward autonomous spatial analysis. However, evaluating these LLM-based agents remains challenging due to the complex,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Bo Yu , Cheng Yang , Dongyang Hou , Chengfu Liu , Jiayao Liu , Chi Wang , Zhiming Zhang , Haifeng Li , Wentao Yang