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Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. Recently, the resource theory of imaginarity has been introduced, allowing…

In this paper, we introduce two measures for the resource theory of imaginarity. One is induced by $\alpha$--$z$--R\'enyi relative entropy and the other, defined for positive definite density matrices, is induced by Tsallis relative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Xiangyu Chen , Qiang Lei

Complex numbers are widely used in quantum physics and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. The resource theory of imaginarity has been built recently, enabling a systematic research of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Shuanping Du , Zhaofang Bai

Complex numbers are indispensable in quantum mechanics and the resource theory of imaginarity has been developed recently. In this paper, we propose a method to construct imaginary measures by real part states. Specifically, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Jingyan Liu , Yue Sun , Jianwei Xu , Ming-Jing Zhao

Complex numbers are theoretically proved and experimentally confirmed as necessary in quantum mechanics and quantum information, and a resource theory of imaginarity of quantum states has been established. In this work, we establish a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Chuanfa Wu , Zhaoqi Wu

Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and play an important role in describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. In this paper we study several measures of imaginarity of quantum states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Qiang Chen , Ting Gao , Fengli Yan

In this paper, we introduce and study unified $(r,s)$-relative entropy and quantum unified $(r,s)$-relative entropy, in particular, our main results of quantum unified $(r,s)$-relative entropy are established on the separable complex…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-11-10 Wang Jiamei , Wu Junde

The recently introduced resource theory of imaginarity facilitates a systematic investigation into the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. In this work, we propose well-defined measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Meng-Li Guo , Si-Yin Huang , Bo Li , Shao-Ming Fei

The use of imaginary numbers in modelling quantum mechanical systems encompasses the wave-like nature of quantum states. Here we introduce a resource theoretic framework for imaginarity, where the free states are taken to be those with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-17 Alexander Hickey , Gilad Gour

Given a positive function $f$ on $(0,\infty)$ and a non-zero real parameter $\theta$, we consider a function $I_f^\theta(A,B,X)=Tr X^*(f(L_AR_B^{-1})R_B)^\theta(X)$ in three matrices $A,B>0$ and $X$. In the literature $\theta=\pm1$ has been…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Fumio Hiai , Denes Petz

Imaginarity, stemming from the complex structure of quantum mechanics, has recently emerged as a fundamental resource, yet its dynamical generation remains largely unexplored. In this work, we introduce the notion of imaginarity-generating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Akhil Kumar Awasthi , Mrinmoy Samanta , Sudipta Mondal , Ayan Patra , Aditi Sen De

It is a fundamental question that why quantum mechanics uses complex numbers instead of only real numbers. To address this topic, recently, a rigorous resource theory for the imaginarity of quantum states were established, and several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Jianwei Xu

Uncertainty relations based on quantum coherence is an important problem in quantum information science. We discuss uncertainty relations for averaged unified ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-relative entropy of coherence under mutually unbiased…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Baolong Cheng , Zhaoqi Wu

Wave-particle duality is one of the basic features of quantum mechanics, giving rise to the use of complex numbers in describing states of quantum systems, their dynamics, and interaction. Since the inception of quantum theory, it has been…

Entropy and differential entropy are important quantities in information theory. A tractable extension to singular random variables-which are neither discrete nor continuous-has not been available so far. Here, we present such an extension…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Günther Koliander , Georg Pichler , Erwin Riegler , Franz Hlawatsch

Real numbers provide a sufficient description of classical physics and all measurable phenomena; however, complex numbers are occasionally utilized as a convenient mathematical tool to aid our calculations. On the other hand, the formalism…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-01 Matthew Albert , Xiaoyi Bao , Liang Chen

We introduce an axiomatic approach to entropies and relative entropies that relies only on minimal information-theoretic axioms, namely monotonicity under mixing and data-processing as well as additivity for product distributions. We find…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Gilad Gour , Marco Tomamichel

The monotonicity of entropy is investigated for real quadratic rational maps on the real circle $\mathbb{R}\cup\{\infty\}$ based on the natural partition of the corresponding moduli space $\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{R})$ into its monotonic,…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Khashayar Filom

Entropy-like functionals on operator algebras have been studied since the pioneering work of von Neumann, Umegaki, Lindblad, and Lieb. The most well-known are the von Neumann entropy $trace (\rho\log \rho)$ and a generalization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-07-19 Tryphon T. Georgiou

Many trace inequalities can be expressed either as concavity/convexity theorems or as monotonicity theorems. A classic example is the joint convexity of the quantum relative entropy which is equivalent to the Data Processing Inequality. The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Eric A. Carlen , Haonan Zhang
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