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Contextual word representations generated by language models (LMs) learn spurious associations present in the training corpora. Recent findings reveal that adversaries can exploit these associations to reverse-engineer the private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Geetanjali Bihani

Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, have proven effective in content generation and productivity enhancement. However, legal risks associated with these tools lead to adoption…

General Economics · Economics 2025-04-03 Cathy Yang , David Restrepo Amariles , Leo Allen , Aurore Troussel

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance on tasks that require reasoning, such as text-to-SQL, code generation, and debugging. However, regulatory frameworks with strict privacy requirements constrain their integration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Sepideh Abedini , Shubhankar Mohapatra , D. B. Emerson , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Jesse C. Cresswell , Xi He

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm in the field of distributed machine learning, enabling multiple clients such as mobile devices, edge nodes, or organizations to collaboratively train a shared global model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ratun Rahman

In the evolving landscape of machine learning (ML), Federated Learning (FL) presents a paradigm shift towards decentralized model training while preserving user data privacy. This paper introduces the concept of ``privacy drift", an…

In-context learning (ICL) in Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown remarkable performance across various tasks without requiring fine-tuning. However, recent studies have highlighted the risk of private data leakage through the prompt in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Seongho Joo , Hyukhun Koh , Kyomin Jung

In Machine Learning scenarios, privacy is a crucial concern when models have to be trained with private data coming from users of a service, such as a recommender system, a location-based mobile service, a mobile phone text messaging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Recent privacy research on large language models (LLMs) has shown that they achieve near-human-level performance at inferring personal data from online texts. With ever-increasing model capabilities, existing text anonymization methods are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Robin Staab , Mark Vero , Mislav Balunović , Martin Vechev

Modern large language models (LLMs) excel at tasks that require storing and retrieving knowledge, such as factual recall and question answering. Transformers are central to this capability because they can encode information during training…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-18 Nuri Mert Vural , Alberto Bietti , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Denny Wu

A common privacy issue in traditional machine learning is that data needs to be disclosed for the training procedures. In situations with highly sensitive data such as healthcare records, accessing this information is challenging and often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Pavlos Papadopoulos , Will Abramson , Adam J. Hall , Nikolaos Pitropakis , William J. Buchanan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit a gap between their internal knowledge and their explicit linguistic outputs. In this report, we empirically investigate whether Looped Transformers (LTs)--architectures that increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guanxu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Responsible use of AI demands that we protect sensitive information without undermining the usefulness of data, an imperative that has become acute in the age of large language models. We address this challenge with an on-premise,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Federico Albanese , Pablo Ronco , Nicolás D'Ippolito

Generative AI like the Large Language Models (LLMs) has become more available for the general consumer in recent years. Publicly available services, e.g., ChatGPT, perform token generation on networked cloud server hardware, effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Liam Seymour , Basar Kutukcu , Sabur Baidya

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across organizations without sharing raw data, addressing crucial privacy concerns in healthcare natural language processing (NLP). However, training large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Lihong Zhang , Yue Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz

Federated learning (FL) allows to train a massive amount of data privately due to its decentralized structure. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is commonly used for FL due to its good empirical performance, but sensitive user information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Muah Kim , Onur Günlü , Rafael F. Schaefer

Pretrained Language Models (LMs) memorize a vast amount of knowledge during initial pretraining, including information that may violate the privacy of personal lives and identities. Previous work addressing privacy issues for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Joel Jang , Dongkeun Yoon , Sohee Yang , Sungmin Cha , Moontae Lee , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Minjoon Seo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have a privacy concern because they memorize training data (including personally identifiable information (PII) like emails and phone numbers) and leak it during inference. A company can train an LLM on its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Jaydeep Borkar

Machine learning (ML) based smart meter data analytics is very promising for energy management and demand-response applications in the advanced metering infrastructure(AMI). A key challenge in developing distributed ML applications for AMI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Milan Biswal , Abu Saleh Md Tayeen , Satyajayant Misra