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Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have become crucial for rapidly adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Prefix-Tuning, an early and effective PEFT technique, demonstrated the ability to achieve performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haonan Wang , Brian Chen , Siquan Li , Xinhe Liang , Hwee Kuan Lee , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Current language model training commonly applies multi-task Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) using a homogeneous compute budget across all sub-datasets. This approach is fundamentally sub-optimal: heterogeneous learning dynamics cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Woosung Koh , Jeyoung Jeon , Youngjin Song , Yujin Cheon , Soowon Oh , Jaehyeong Choi , Se-Young Yun

Real-life multilingual systems should be able to efficiently incorporate new languages as data distributions fed to the system evolve and shift over time. To do this, systems need to handle the issue of catastrophic forgetting, where the…

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has opened new frontiers in natural language processing, particularly in specialized domains like healthcare. In this paper, we propose the Incremental Curriculum-Based Fine-Tuning (ICFT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Robert Long , Eric Gonzalez , Harrison Fuller

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often causes overfitting to specific prompt wording, where minor phrasing variations drastically reduce performance. To address this, we propose Prompt-Agnostic Fine-Tuning (PAFT), a method that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Mingwen Ou , Ying Tiffany He , Fei Richard Yu

Scaled post-training now drives many of the largest capability gains in language models (LMs), yet its effect on pretrained knowledge remains poorly understood. Not all forgetting is equal: Forgetting one fact (e.g., a U.S. president or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jackson Harmon , Andreas Hochlehnert , Matthias Bethge , Ameya Prabhu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, yet their potential for sequential decision-making remains underexplored. In this paper, we study the ICL capabilities of LLMs in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minmin Zhang , Sina Aghaei , Soroush Saghafian

Modelling a language model for a multi-lingual scenario includes several potential challenges, among which catastrophic forgetting is the major challenge. For example, small language models (SLM) built for low-resource languages by adapting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Santosh Srinath K , Mudit Somani , Varun Reddy Padala , Prajna Devi Upadhyay , Abhijit Das

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, even stronger LLMs are susceptible to acquiring erroneous or obsolete information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Shiwen Ni , Dingwei Chen , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Min Yang

The quality of Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) data plays a critical role in enhancing the conversational capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, as LLMs become more advanced, the availability of high-quality human-annotated SFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Maosong Cao , Taolin Zhang , Mo Li , Chuyu Zhang , Yunxin Liu , Haodong Duan , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Pre-trained foundation models, due to their enormous capacity and exposure to vast amounts of data during pre-training, are known to have learned plenty of real-world concepts. An important step in making these pre-trained models effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jishnu Mukhoti , Yarin Gal , Philip H. S. Torr , Puneet K. Dokania

The cross-lingual transfer is a promising technique to solve tasks in less-resourced languages. In this empirical study, we compare two fine-tuning approaches combined with zero-shot and full-shot learning approaches for large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Boshko Koloski , Blaž Škrlj , Marko Robnik-Šikonja , Senja Pollak

Machine Unlearning (MU) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to remove unsafe or outdated information. However, existing work assumes that all facts are equally forgettable and largely ignores whether the forgotten knowledge originates from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Borisiuk Anna , Andrey Savchenko , Alexander Panchenko , Elena Tutubalina

Current PEFT methods for LLMs can achieve either high quality, efficient training, or scalable serving, but not all three simultaneously. To address this limitation, we investigate sparse fine-tuning and observe a remarkable improvement in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Xinyu Yang , Jixuan Leng , Geyang Guo , Jiawei Zhao , Ryumei Nakada , Linjun Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Beidi Chen

Behavior Cloning (BC) on curated (or filtered) data is the predominant paradigm for supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of large language models; as well as for imitation learning of control policies. Here, we draw on a connection between this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chongli Qin , Jost Tobias Springenberg

Unconstrained fine-tuning of flow-matching Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models drives dense parameter overwrites, degrading pre-trained capabilities. We present Conservative Supervised Fine-Tuning (ConSFT), an optimization objective that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Tianyi Zhang , Shaopeng Zhai , Haoran Zhang , Fuxian Huang , Qi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in multilingual language understanding and generation. However, due to the imbalance in training data, their capabilities in non-English languages are limited. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Wenshuai Huo , Xiaocheng Feng , Yichong Huang , Chengpeng Fu , Baohang Li , Yangfan Ye , Zhirui Zhang , Dandan Tu , Duyu Tang , Yunfei Lu , Hui Wang , Bing Qin

Large language model fine-tuning techniques typically depend on extensive labeled data, external guidance, and feedback, such as human alignment, scalar rewards, and demonstration. However, in practical application, the scarcity of specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jia Liu , Yue Wang , Zhiqi Lin , Min Chen , Yixue Hao , Long Hu

Continual learning in large language models (LLMs) is prone to catastrophic forgetting, where adapting to new tasks significantly degrades performance on previously learned ones. Existing methods typically rely on low-rank,…

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer