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Long-tailed semi-supervised learning (LTSSL) presents a formidable challenge where models must overcome the scarcity of tail samples while mitigating the noise from unreliable pseudo-labels. Most prior LTSSL methods are designed to train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zhiyuan Huang , Jiahao Chen , Bing Su

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a crucial step for large language models (LLMs), enabling them to align with human instructions and enhance their capabilities in downstream tasks. Increasing instruction data substantially is a direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Shihan Dou , Enyu Zhou , Yan Liu , Songyang Gao , Jun Zhao , Wei Shen , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Xiaoran Fan , Shiliang Pu , Jiang Zhu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The continual learning (CL) ability is vital for deploying large language models (LLMs) in the dynamic world. Existing methods devise the learning module to acquire task-specific knowledge with parameter-efficient tuning (PET) block and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Weixiang Zhao , Shilong Wang , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Xuanyu Zhang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che

Incrementally fine-tuning foundational models on new tasks or domains is now the de facto approach in NLP. A known pitfall of this approach is the \emph{catastrophic forgetting} of prior knowledge that happens during fine-tuning. A common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Andrew Bai , Chih-Kuan Yeh , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Ankur Taly

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is an effective method for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. However, variability in training data can hinder a model's ability to generalize across domains. This paper studies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Davood Rafiei , Morgan Lindsay Heisler , Weiwei Zhang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Yong Zhang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a wide range of tasks, growing concerns have emerged over the misuse of sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful data during training. To address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jie Ren , Zhenwei Dai , Xianfeng Tang , Yue Xing , Shenglai Zeng , Hui Liu , Jingying Zeng , Qiankun Peng , Samarth Varshney , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Charu C. Aggarwal , Hui Liu

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities, they increasingly face demands to unlearn memorized privacy-sensitive, copyrighted, or harmful content. Existing unlearning methods primarily focus on \emph{single-shot}…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiaoyu Xu , Minxin Du , Kun Fang , Yaxin Xiao , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

We lack a systematic understanding of the effects of fine-tuning (via methods such as instruction-tuning or reinforcement learning from human feedback), particularly on tasks outside the narrow fine-tuning distribution. In a simplified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Suhas Kotha , Jacob Mitchell Springer , Aditi Raghunathan

While LLM-based TTS models exhibit zero-shot emotion and speaker cloning, their cloning fidelity and pronunciation clarity degrade on unseen domains. Fine-tuning is essential for adaptation, yet uniform approaches overlook specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Tianrui Wang , Meng Ge , Cheng Gong , Chunyu Qiang , Haoyu Wang , Zikang Huang , Yu Jiang , Ye Ni , Yuheng Lu , Xiaobao Wang , Engsiong Chng , Xie Chen , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) has emerged as a crucial method for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human-annotated demonstrations. However, SFT, being an off-policy approach similar to behavior cloning, often struggles with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Qingru Zhang , Liang Qiu , Ilgee Hong , Zhenghao Xu , Tianyi Liu , Shiyang Li , Rongzhi Zhang , Zheng Li , Lihong Li , Bing Yin , Chao Zhang , Jianshu Chen , Haoming Jiang , Tuo Zhao

This paper introduces a pioneering methodology, termed StructTuning, to efficiently transform foundation Large Language Models (LLMs) into domain specialists. It significantly reduces the training corpus needs to a mere 5% while achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kai Liu , Ze Chen , Zhihang Fu , Wei Zhang , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Yue Wu , Jieping Ye

Prior research shows that large language models (LLMs) exhibit systematic extrapolation bias when forming predictions from both experimental and real-world data, and that prompt-based approaches appear limited in alleviating this bias. We…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-05 Zhenyu Gao , Wenxi Jiang , Yutong Yan

Catastrophic forgetting is a challenge issue in continual learning when a deep neural network forgets the knowledge acquired from the former task after learning on subsequent tasks. However, existing methods try to find the joint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Jian Peng , Jiang Hao , Zhuo Li , Enqiang Guo , Xiaohong Wan , Deng Min , Qing Zhu , Haifeng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

Machine Unlearning has emerged as a significant area of research, focusing on `removing' specific subsets of data from a trained model. Fine-tuning (FT) methods have become one of the fundamental approaches for approximating unlearning, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Meng Ding , Rohan Sharma , Changyou Chen , Jinhui Xu , Kaiyi Ji

Length generalization, the ability to solve problems longer than those seen during training, remains a critical challenge for large language models (LLMs). Previous work modifies positional encodings (PEs) and data formats to improve length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yi Hu , Shijia Kang , Haotong Yang , Haotian Xu , Muhan Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) are the two dominant paradigms for enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) performance on downstream tasks. While RL generally preserves broader model capabilities (retention) better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Rana Muhammad Shahroz Khan , Zijie Liu , Zhen Tan , Charles Fleming , Tianlong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are often fine-tuned for use on downstream tasks, though this can degrade capabilities learned during previous training. This phenomenon, often referred to as catastrophic forgetting, has important potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Megan Ung , Alicia Sun , Samuel J. Bell , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Levent Sagun , Adina Williams

In recent years, developing compact and efficient large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a thriving area of research. Traditional Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), which relies on singular ground truth labels, often fails to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jingyao Li , Senqiao Yang , Sitong Wu , Han Shi , Chuanyang Zheng , Hong Xu , Jiaya Jia

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu