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Antibodies play a central role in the immune response by specifically recognizing and neutralizing antigens, and therapeutic antibodies have become major drugs for cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, their discovery still relies on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-29 Xiao Luo

Motivation: The clinical efficacy of antibody therapeutics critically depends on high-affinity target engagement, yet laboratory affinity-maturation campaigns are slow and costly. In computational settings, most protein language models…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Xinyan Zhao , Yi-Ching Tang , Rivaaj Monsia , Victor J. Cantu , Ashwin Kumar Ramesh , Xiaozhong Liu , Zhiqiang An , Xiaoqian Jiang , Yejin Kim

Machine learning-based antibody design is emerging as one of the most promising approaches to combat infectious diseases, due to significant advancements in the field of artificial intelligence and an exponential surge in experimental…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-06 Faisal Bin Ashraf , Animesh Ray , Stefano Lonardi

A pivotal area of research in antibody engineering is to find effective modifications that enhance antibody-antigen binding affinity. Traditional wet-lab experiments assess mutants in a costly and time-consuming manner. Emerging deep…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-28 Chen Liu , Mingchen Li , Yang Tan , Wenrui Gou , Guisheng Fan , Bingxin Zhou

In recent decades, antibodies have emerged as indispensable therapeutics for combating diseases, particularly viral infections. However, their development has been hindered by limited structural information and labor-intensive engineering…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-09-01 Hongtai Jing , Zhengtao Gao , Sheng Xu , Tao Shen , Zhangzhi Peng , Shwai He , Tao You , Shuang Ye , Wei Lin , Siqi Sun

With the growing prominence of antibody-based therapeutics, antibody engineering has gained increasing attention as a critical area of research and development. Recent progress in transformer-based protein large language models (LLMs) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Eunna Huh , Hyeonsu Lee , Hyunjin Shin

In response to pathogens, the adaptive immune system generates specific antibodies that bind and neutralize foreign antigens. Understanding the composition of an individual's immune repertoire can provide insights into this process and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-16 Jeffrey A. Ruffolo , Jeffrey J. Gray , Jeremias Sulam

The primary objective of most lead optimization campaigns is to enhance the binding affinity of ligands. For large molecules such as antibodies, identifying mutations that enhance antibody affinity is particularly challenging due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Alexandra Gessner , Sebastian W. Ober , Owen Vickery , Dino Oglić , Talip Uçar

The high binding affinity of antibodies towards their cognate targets is key to eliciting effective immune responses, as well as to the use of antibodies as research and therapeutic tools. Here, we propose ANTIPASTI, a Convolutional Neural…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-03 Kevin Michalewicz , Mauricio Barahona , Barbara Bravi

Protein-ligand binding is the process by which a small molecule (drug or inhibitor) attaches to a target protein. Binding affinity, which characterizes the strength of biomolecular interactions, is essential for tackling diverse challenges…

The specific region of an antibody responsible for binding to an antigen, known as the paratope, is essential for immune recognition. Accurate identification of this small yet critical region can accelerate the development of therapeutic…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-08 Gabriel Athènes , Adam Woolfe , Thierry Mora , Aleksandra M. Walczak

AlphaFold 3 (AF3) is a powerful biomolecular structure-predicting tool based on the latest deep learning algorithms and revolutionized AI model architectures. A few of papers have already investigated its accuracy in predicting different…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Yiyang Xu , Ziyou Shen , Yanqing Lv , Shutong Tan , Chun Sun , Juan Zhang

Antibodies are versatile proteins that can bind to pathogens and provide effective protection for human body. Recently, deep learning-based computational antibody design has attracted popular attention since it automatically mines the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-18 Kaiyuan Gao , Lijun Wu , Jinhua Zhu , Tianbo Peng , Yingce Xia , Liang He , Shufang Xie , Tao Qin , Haiguang Liu , Kun He , Tie-Yan Liu

Antibody therapeutics has been extensively studied in drug discovery and development within the past decades. One increasingly popular focus in the antibody discovery pipeline is the optimization step for therapeutic leads. Both traditional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-16 Yue Kang , Dawei Leng , Jinjiang Guo , Lurong Pan

Predicting the binding affinity between antigens and antibodies is fundamental to drug discovery and vaccine development. Traditional computational approaches often rely on experimentally determined 3D structures, which are scarce and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Aicha Boutorh , Soumia Bouyahiaoui , Sara Belhadj , Nour El Yakine Guendouz , Manel Kara Laouar

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) poses serious risks to pediatric, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. Traditional antibody discovery pipelines require 10-12 months, limiting their applicability for rapid outbreak response. This project…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-01 Shawnak Shivakumar , Matthew Sandora

Predicting a structure of an antibody from its sequence is important since it allows for a better design process of synthetic antibodies that play a vital role in the health industry. Most of the structure of an antibody is conservative.…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-23 Natalia Zenkova , Ekaterina Sedykh , Tatiana Shugaeva , Vladislav Strashko , Timofei Ermak , Aleksei Shpilman

Apparent parallels between natural language and biological sequence have led to a recent surge in the application of deep language models (LMs) to the analysis of antibody and other biological sequences. However, a lack of a rigorous…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-06 Mai Ha Vu , Philippe A. Robert , Rahmad Akbar , Bartlomiej Swiatczak , Geir Kjetil Sandve , Dag Trygve Truslew Haug , Victor Greiff

Identifying drug-target interactions is essential for developing effective therapeutics. Binding affinity quantifies these interactions, and traditional approaches rely on computationally intensive 3D structural data. In contrast, language…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-08 Radheesh Sharma Meda , Amir Barati Farimani

The accurate screening of candidate drug ligands against target proteins through computational approaches is of prime interest to drug development efforts. Such virtual screening depends in part on methods to predict the binding affinity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ho-Joon Lee , Prashant S. Emani , Mark B. Gerstein
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