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Why is thermalisation a universal phenomenon? How does a quantum system reach thermodynamical equilibrium? These questions are not new, dating even from the very birth of quantum theory and have been the subject of a renewed interest over…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-05 Grégoire Ithier , Florent Benaych-Georges

We review some recent developments in the statistical mechanics of isolated quantum systems. We provide a brief introduction to quantum thermalization, paying particular attention to the `Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis' (ETH), and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-07 Rahul Nandkishore , David A. Huse

We discuss eigenstate correlations for ergodic, spatially extended many-body quantum systems, in terms of the statistical properties of matrix elements of local observables. While the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is known to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Amos Chan , Andrea De Luca , J. T. Chalker

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a successful theory that establishes the criteria for ergodicity and thermalization in isolated quantum many-body systems. In this work, we investigate the thermalization properties of…

The thermalizing dynamics of many-body systems is often described through the lens of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). ETH postulates that the statistical properties of observables, when expressed in the energy eigenbasis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Jiaozi Wang , Ruchira Mishra , Tian-Hua Yang , Luca V. Delacrétaz , Silvia Pappalardi

Currently there are two main approaches to describe how quantum statistical physics emerges from an isolated quantum many-body system in a pure state: Canonical Typicality (CT) and Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). These two…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-01-31 Anatoly Dymarsky , Hong Liu

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a conjecture on the nature of isolated quantum systems that guarantees the thermal behavior of subsystems when it is satisfied. ETH has been tested in various forms on a number of local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-09-18 Masudul Haque , Paul McClarty

We report an example of a many-body system, derived from the double kicked top (DKT), with non-chaotic yet mean-ergodic dynamics that displays \textit{strong} eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in the quantum regime. The analysis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-26 Avadhut V. Purohit , Harshit Sharma , Udaysinh T. Bhosale

The Eigenstate-Thermalization-Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as the general framework to understand quantum statistical mechanics. Only recently has the attention been paid to so-called full ETH, which accounts for higher-order…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-10 Silvia Pappalardi , Felix Fritzsch , Tomaž Prosen

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains how generic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally. It implies that local operators' time-averaged expectation values approximately equal their thermal expectation values,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Aleksander Lasek , Jae Dong Noh , Jade LeSchack , Nicole Yunger Halpern

We consider a chaotic many-body system (i.e., one that satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis) that is split into two subsystems, with an interaction along their mutual boundary, and study the entanglement properties of an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-11-11 Chaitanya Murthy , Mark Srednicki

We investigate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in integrable models, focusing on the spin-1/2 isotropic Heisenberg (XXX) chain. We provide numerical evidence that ETH holds for typical eigenstates (weak ETH scenario).…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-04-22 Vincenzo Alba

It has previously been suggested that small subsystems of closed quantum systems thermalize under some assumptions; however, this has been rigorously shown so far only for systems with very weak interaction between subsystems. In this work,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Markus P. Mueller , Emily Adlam , Lluis Masanes , Nathan Wiebe

In this paper, we investigate the distinctions between realistic quantum chaotic systems and random models from the perspective of observable properties, particularly focusing on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). Through…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-11 Xiao Wang , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

According to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), even isolated quantum systems can thermalize because the eigenstate-to-eigenstate fluctuations of typical observables vanish in the limit of large systems. Of course, isolated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-08 W. Beugeling , R. Moessner , Masudul Haque

The project concerns the interplay among quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, in isolated quantum systems. The underlying goal is to improve our understanding of the concept of thermal equilibrium in quantum systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-03 Fabio Anza

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) posits that the reduced density matrix for a subsystem corresponding to an excited eigenstate is "thermal." Here we expound on this hypothesis by asking: for which class of operators, local or…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-05-02 James R. Garrison , Tarun Grover

We show that a bounded, isolated quantum system of many particles in a specific initial state will approach thermal equilibrium if the energy eigenfunctions which are superposed to form that state obey {\it Berry's conjecture}. Berry's…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Mark Srednicki

We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-24 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

We use exact diagonalization to study the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in the quantum dimer model on the square and triangular lattices. Due to the nonergodicity of the local plaquette-flip dynamics, the Hilbert space, which…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-25 Zhihao Lan , Stephen Powell
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