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Related papers: Stop Misusing t-SNE and UMAP for Visual Analytics

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Nonlinear dimension reduction (NLDR) techniques such as tSNE, and UMAP provide a low-dimensional representation of high-dimensional data ($p\text{-}D$) by applying a nonlinear transformation. NLDR often exaggerates random patterns. But NLDR…

Visual analytics now plays a central role in decision-making across diverse disciplines, but it can be unreliable: the knowledge or insights derived from the analysis may not accurately reflect the underlying data. In this dissertation, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Hyeon Jeon

Running machine learning analytics over geographically distributed datasets is a rapidly arising problem in the world of data management policies ensuring privacy and data security. Visualizing high dimensional data using tools such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Viska Wei , Nikita Ivkin , Vladimir Braverman , Alexander Szalay

t-SNE is a popular tool for embedding multi-dimensional datasets into two or three dimensions. However, it has a large computational cost, especially when the input data has many dimensions. Many use t-SNE to embed the output of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Rikhav Shah , Sandeep Silwal

Stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) methods $t$-SNE, UMAP are two most popular dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization. Contrastive learning, especially self-supervised contrastive learning (SSCL), has showed great success…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Yi Zhang

This article presents a novel application of the t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) clustering algorithm to the telecommunication field. t-SNE is a dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithm that allows the visualization of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-28 Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , Luz García , Antonio Alex-Amor , Juan F. Valenzuela-Valdés

The growing prevalence of high-dimensional data has fostered the development of multidimensional projection (MP) techniques, such as t-SNE, UMAP, and LAMP, for data visualization and exploration. However, conventional MP methods typically…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Maniru Ibrahim

Neighbor embeddings are a family of methods for visualizing complex high-dimensional datasets using $k$NN graphs. To find the low-dimensional embedding, these algorithms combine an attractive force between neighboring pairs of points with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jan Niklas Böhm , Philipp Berens , Dmitry Kobak

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a widely used manifold learning technique for dimensionality reduction. This paper studies UMAP, supervised UMAP, and several competing dimensionality reduction methods, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Guanzhe Zhang , Shanshan Ding , Zhezhen Jin

Non-linear dimensionality reduction can be performed by \textit{manifold learning} approaches, such as Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (SNE), Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and Isometric Feature Mapping (ISOMAP). These methods aim to produce…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-09 Theodoulos Rodosthenous , Vahid Shahrezaei , Marina Evangelou

Dimensionality Reduction (DR) techniques such as t-SNE and UMAP are popular for transforming complex datasets into simpler visual representations. However, while effective in uncovering general dataset patterns, these methods may introduce…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Parisa Salmanian , Angelos Chatzimparmpas , Ali Can Karaca , Rafael M. Martins

Visualization methods based on the nearest neighbor graph, such as t-SNE or UMAP, are widely used for visualizing high-dimensional data. Yet, these approaches only produce meaningful results if the nearest neighbors themselves are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jan Niklas Böhm , Philipp Berens , Dmitry Kobak

Dimensionality reduction is crucial both for visualization and preprocessing high dimensional data for machine learning. We introduce a novel method based on a hierarchy built on 1-nearest neighbor graphs in the original space which is used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 M. Saquib Sarfraz , Marios Koulakis , Constantin Seibold , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques help analysts to understand patterns in high-dimensional spaces. These techniques, often represented by scatter plots, are employed in diverse science domains and facilitate similarity analysis among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Wilson E. Marcílio-Jr , Danilo M. Eler , Fernando V. Paulovich , Rafael M. Martins

The dimensionality reduction has been widely introduced to use the high-dimensional data for regression, classification, feature analysis, and visualization. As the one technique of dimensionality reduction, a stochastic neighbor embedding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Motoshi Abe , Junichi Miyao , Takio Kurita

Due to the intrinsic complexity of high-dimensional (HD) data, dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques cannot preserve all the structural characteristics of the original data. Therefore, DR techniques focus on preserving either local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hyeon Jeon , Kwon Ko , Soohyun Lee , Jake Hyun , Taehyun Yang , Gyehun Go , Jaemin Jo , Jinwook Seo

UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) is a novel manifold learning technique for dimension reduction. UMAP is constructed from a theoretical framework based in Riemannian geometry and algebraic topology. The result is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-21 Leland McInnes , John Healy , James Melville

Data visualisation helps understanding data represented by multiple variables, also called features, stored in a large matrix where individuals are stored in lines and variable values in columns. These data structures are frequently called…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Haseeb Younis , Paul Trust , Rosane Minghim

Progressive Visual Analytics aims at improving the interactivity in existing analytics techniques by means of visualization as well as interaction with intermediate results. One key method for data analysis is dimensionality reduction, for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Nicola Pezzotti , Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt , Laurens van der Maaten , Thomas Höllt , Elmar Eisemann , Anna Vilanova

Modern datasets and models are notoriously difficult to explore and analyze due to their inherent high dimensionality and massive numbers of samples. Existing visualization methods which employ dimensionality reduction to two or three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-01 David M. Chan , Roshan Rao , Forrest Huang , John F. Canny