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Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance by effectively integrating visual and textual information to solve complex tasks. However, it is not clear how these models reason over the visual and textual data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Moin Aminnaseri , Estevam Hruschka

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) continue to struggle to make morally salient judgments in multimodal and socially ambiguous contexts. Prior works typically rely on binary or pairwise supervision, which often fail to capture the continuous and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Cheyon Jin , Matheus Kunzler Maldaner , Jordan Wheeler , Jason I. Hong , Hong Shen , Adam Perer , Ken Holstein , Motahhare Eslami , Gunhee Kim

Visual instruction tuning is the key to building large vision language models~(LVLMs), which can greatly improve the task generalization and solving capabilities by learning a mixture of instruction data from diverse visual tasks. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zikang Liu , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-Rong Wen

Human language is grounded on multimodal knowledge including visual knowledge like colors, sizes, and shapes. However, current large-scale pre-trained language models rely on text-only self-supervised training with massive text data, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Weizhi Wang , Li Dong , Hao Cheng , Haoyu Song , Xiaodong Liu , Xifeng Yan , Jianfeng Gao , Furu Wei

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in various tasks involving textual and visual inputs but still struggle with complex multimodal mathematical reasoning, lagging behind proprietary models like GPT-4V(ision) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Fangkai Jiao , Meng Jiang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) trained with visual instruction tuning have achieved strong performance across diverse tasks, yet they remain limited in vision-centric tasks such as object counting or spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Heeji Yoon , Jaewoo Jung , Junwan Kim , Hyungyu Choi , Heeseong Shin , Sangbeom Lim , Honggyu An , Chaehyun Kim , Jisang Han , Donghyun Kim , Chanho Eom , Sunghwan Hong , Seungryong Kim

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic control, with test-time scaling (TTS) gaining attention to enhance robustness beyond training. However, existing TTS methods for VLAs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hyeonbeom Choi , Daechul Ahn , Youhan Lee , Taewook Kang , Seongwon Cho , Jonghyun Choi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) often omit or misrepresent critical visual content in generated image captions. Minimizing such information loss will force LVLMs to focus on image details to generate precise descriptions. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haonan Jia , Shichao Dong , Xin Dong , Zenghui Sun , Jin Wang , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Kaifu Zhang

Vision and Language (VL) models offer an effective method for aligning representation spaces of images and text, leading to numerous applications such as cross-modal retrieval, visual question answering, captioning, and more. However, the…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) leverage aligned visual encoders to transform images into visual tokens, allowing them to be processed similarly to text by the backbone large language model (LLM). This unified input paradigm enables VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Bangzheng Li , Fei Wang , Wenxuan Zhou , Nan Xu , Ben Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Hoifung Poon , Muhao Chen

Combining the visual modality with pretrained language models has been surprisingly effective for simple descriptive tasks such as image captioning. More general text generation however remains elusive. We take a step back and ask: How do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shruti Palaskar , Akshita Bhagia , Yonatan Bisk , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Ana Marasović

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in integrating visual perception with language understanding. However, effective multimodal reasoning requires both accurate perception and robust reasoning, and weakness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Sourabh Sharma , Sonam Gupta , Sadbhawna

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are becoming increasingly integral to multimedia understanding; however, they often struggle with domain-specific video classification tasks, particularly in cases with limited data. This stems from a critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Meilong Xu , Di Fu , Jiaxing Zhang , Gong Yu , Jiayu Zheng , Xiaoling Hu , Dongdi Zhao , Feiyang Li , Chao Chen , Yong Cao

High-quality and diverse multimodal data are essential for improving vision-language models (VLMs), yet existing datasets often contain noisy, redundant, and poorly aligned samples. To address these problems, data filtering is commonly used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Biao Wu , Yiwu Zhong , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

Video-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive multi-modal reasoning capabilities across diverse computer vision applications. However, these VLMs are task-specific and assume that both video and language inputs are complete.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang , Keke Tang , Daizong Liu , Siyi Wang , Wei Ji

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual understanding in recent years. Yet, they still lag behind human capabilities in specific visual tasks such as counting or relational reasoning. To understand the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Zihan Weng , Lucas Gomez , Taylor Whittington Webb , Pouya Bashivan

Advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled effective cross-modality retrieval. However, when both text and images exist in the database, similarity scores would differ in scale by modality. This phenomenon, known as the modality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shuhei Yamashita , Daiki Shirafuji , Tatsuhiko Saito

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have transformed tasks requiring visual and reasoning abilities, such as image retrieval and Visual Question Answering (VQA). Despite their success, VLMs face significant challenges with tasks involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Ayush Singh , Mansi Gupta , Shivank Garg , Abhinav Kumar , Vansh Agrawal

In this work, we introduce SPLICE, a human-curated benchmark derived from the COIN instructional video dataset, designed to probe event-based reasoning across multiple dimensions: temporal, causal, spatial, contextual, and general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Mohamad Ballout , Okajevo Wilfred , Seyedalireza Yaghoubi , Nohayr Muhammad Abdelmoneim , Julius Mayer , Elia Bruni

Recent progress in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has enabled step-by-step multi-modal mathematical reasoning by performing visual operations based on the textual instructions. A promising approach uses code as an intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiaoyuan Li , Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Rui Men , Yichang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu