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Salient object detection (SOD) requires modeling both long-range contextual dependencies and fine-grained structural details, which remains challenging for convolutional, transformer-based, and Mamba-based state space models. While recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Suklav Ghosh , Arijit Sur , Pinaki Mitra

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved promising results recently, but raise an array of open questions in terms of conceptual understanding, theoretical analysis, algorithm improvement and extensions to discrete, structured,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Xingchao Liu , Lemeng Wu , Mao Ye , Qiang Liu

We propose a hybrid generative model for efficient sampling of high-dimensional, multimodal probability distributions for Bayesian inference. Traditional Monte Carlo methods, such as the Metropolis-Hastings and Langevin Monte Carlo sampling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Hoang Tran , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Dan Lu , Guannan Zhang

Understanding complex systems by inferring trajectories from sparse sample snapshots is a fundamental challenge in a wide range of domains, e.g., single-cell biology, meteorology, and economics. Despite advancements in Bridge and Flow…

The wind-tunnel experiment plays a critical role in the design and development phases of modern aircraft, which is limited by prohibitive cost. In contrast, numerical simulation, as an important alternative paradigm, mimics complex flow…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-09-30 Kai Li , Jiaqing Kou , Weiwei Zhang

Generative models have recently revolutionized image generation tasks across diverse domains, including galaxy image synthesis. This study investigates the statistical learning and consistency of three generative models: light-weight-gan (a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-13 Jean-Eric Campagne

Generative modeling has drawn much attention in creative and scientific data generation tasks. Score-based Diffusion Models, a type of generative model that iteratively learns to denoise data, have shown state-of-the-art results on tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Tyler Presser , Agnimitra Dasgupta , Daniel Erwin , Assad Oberai

We explain how to use diffusion models to learn inverse renormalization group flows of statistical and quantum field theories. Diffusion models are a class of machine learning models which have been used to generate samples from complex…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-07 Jordan Cotler , Semon Rezchikov

The Schr\"{o}dinger bridge (SB) has evolved into a universal class of probabilistic generative models. In practice, however, estimated learning signals are innately uncertain, and the reliability promised by existing methods is often based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Dong-Sig Han , Jaein Kim , Hee Bin Yoo , Byoung-Tak Zhang

Schr\"odinger Bridge (SB) is an entropy-regularized optimal transport problem that has received increasing attention in deep generative modeling for its mathematical flexibility compared to the Scored-based Generative Model (SGM). However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-04 Tianrong Chen , Guan-Horng Liu , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and safety of deep learning. Currently, discriminator models outperform other methods in this regard. However, the feature extraction process used by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Luping Liu , Yi Ren , Xize Cheng , Rongjie Huang , Chongxuan Li , Zhou Zhao

A variety of simulation methodologies have been used for modeling reaction-diffusion dynamics -- including approaches based on Differential Equations (DE), the Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (SSA), Brownian Dynamics (BD), Green's Function…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-05-21 Marcus Thomas , Russell Schwartz

We present simulation-free score and flow matching ([SF]$^2$M), a simulation-free objective for inferring stochastic dynamics given unpaired samples drawn from arbitrary source and target distributions. Our method generalizes both the…

Modeling the dynamics from sparsely time-resolved snapshot data is crucial for understanding complex cellular processes and behavior. Existing methods leverage optimal transport, Schr\"odinger bridge theory, or their variants to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhenyi Zhang , Zihan Wang , Yuhao Sun , Tiejun Li , Peijie Zhou

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative tools with applications in computer vision and scientific machine learning (SciML), where they have been used to solve large-scale probabilistic inverse problems. Traditionally, these…

Inverse problems describe the process of estimating the causal factors from a set of measurements or data. Mapping of often incomplete or degraded data to parameters is ill-posed, thus data-driven iterative solutions are required, for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Weitong Zhang , Chengqi Zang , Liu Li , Sarah Cechnicka , Cheng Ouyang , Bernhard Kainz

We propose a novel generative model for time series based on Schr{\"o}dinger bridge (SB) approach. This consists in the entropic interpolation via optimal transport between a reference probability measure on path space and a target measure…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-04-12 Mohamed Hamdouche , Pierre Henry-Labordere , Huyên Pham

The reconstruction of physical fields from sparse measurements is pivotal in both scientific research and engineering applications. Traditional methods are increasingly supplemented by deep learning models due to their efficacy in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-27 Zeyu Li , Hongkun Dou , Shen Fang , Wang Han , Yue Deng , Lijun Yang

Diffusion bridge models establish probabilistic paths between arbitrary paired distributions and exhibit great potential for universal image restoration. Most existing methods merely treat them as simple variants of stochastic interpolants,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hebaixu Wang , Jing Zhang , Haoyang Chen , Haonan Guo , Di Wang , Jiayi Ma , Bo Du

Diffusion models have shown remarkable performance on many generative tasks. Despite recent success, most diffusion models are restricted in that they only allow linear transformation of the data distribution. In contrast, broader family of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth