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Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly become pivotal in content generation with notable societal impact. These models hold the potential to generate content that could be deemed harmful.Efforts to mitigate this risk include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kexin Chen , Yi Liu , Dongxia Wang , Jiaying Chen , Wenhai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerability to jailbreak attacks poses significant security risks. This survey paper presents a comprehensive analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Tarun Raheja , Nilay Pochhi , F. D. C. M. Curie

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Speech Language Models (SLMs) enable natural interactions via spoken instructions, which more effectively capture user intent by detecting nuances in speech. The richer speech signal introduces new security risks compared to text-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Amirbek Djanibekov , Nurdaulet Mukhituly , Kentaro Inui , Hanan Aldarmaki , Nils Lukas

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

Large language models (LLMs) enable researchers to analyze text at unprecedented scale and minimal cost. Researchers can now revisit old questions and tackle novel ones with rich data. We provide an econometric framework for realizing this…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-08 Jens Ludwig , Sendhil Mullainathan , Ashesh Rambachan

The widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) across critical domains has amplified the societal risks posed by algorithmically generated misinformation. Unlike traditional false content, LLM-generated misinformation can be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Shuliang Liu , Hongyi Liu , Aiwei Liu , Bingchen Duan , Qi Zheng , Yibo Yan , He Geng , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

One of the long-standing goals in optimisation and constraint programming is to describe a problem in natural language and automatically obtain an executable, efficient model. Large language models appear to bring this vision closer,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Alessio Pellegrino , Jacopo Mauro

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in cybersecurity, offering advanced capabilities in malware detection, generation, and real-time monitoring. Numerous studies have explored their application in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Parisa Hamedi , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali Ghorbani

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and Bard, have revolutionized natural language understanding and generation. They possess deep language comprehension, human-like text generation capabilities, contextual awareness, and robust…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yifan Yao , Jinhao Duan , Kaidi Xu , Yuanfang Cai , Zhibo Sun , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language tasks, and recent efforts have sought to extend their capabilities to multimodal domains and resource-constrained environments. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yun-Da Tsai

Applying large language models (LLMs) to modern power systems presents a promising avenue for enhancing decision-making and operational efficiency. However, this action may also incur potential security threats, which have not been fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Jiaqi Ruan , Gaoqi Liang , Huan Zhao , Guolong Liu , Xianzhuo Sun , Jing Qiu , Zhao Xu , Fushuan Wen , Zhao Yang Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent abilities in text generation, question answering, and reasoning, facilitating various tasks and domains. Despite their proficiency in various tasks, LLMs like PaLM 540B and Llama-3.1…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Fali Wang , Zhiwei Zhang , Xianren Zhang , Zongyu Wu , Tzuhao Mo , Qiuhao Lu , Wanjing Wang , Rui Li , Junjie Xu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Yao Ma , Ming Huang , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Feiyue Xu , Hongsheng Hu , Chaoxiang He , Sheng Hang , Hanqing Hu , Xiuming Liu , Yubo Zhao , Zhengyan Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Shi-Feng Sun , Dawu Gu , Shuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) now write code in settings where misreading a single word can break safety or cost money, yet we still expect them to overlook stray typos. To probe where useful robustness ends and harmful insensitivity begins,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Altynbek Ismailov , Salia Asanova

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable advancements in natural language processing. These models are trained on vast datasets to exhibit powerful language understanding and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shang Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Dayong Ye , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate human-like disinformation, yet their ability to personalise such content across languages and demographics remains underexplored. This study presents the first large-scale, multilingual analysis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 João A. Leite , Arnav Arora , Silvia Gargova , João Luz , Gustavo Sampaio , Ian Roberts , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva

With the boom of Large Language Models (LLMs), the research of solving Math Word Problem (MWP) has recently made great progress. However, there are few studies to examine the security of LLMs in math solving ability. Instead of attacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zihao Zhou , Qiufeng Wang , Mingyu Jin , Jie Yao , Jianan Ye , Wei Liu , Wei Wang , Xiaowei Huang , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz