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Coupled chemical interactions in a well-mixed solution are commonly formalized as chemical reaction networks (CRNs). However, despite the widespread use of CRNs in the natural sciences, the range of computational behaviors exhibited by CRNs…
Chemical reaction networks, or CRNs, are known to stably compute semilinear Boolean-valued predicates and functions, provided that all reactions are irreversible. However, this property does not hold for wet-lab implementations, as all…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) model systems where molecules interact according to a finite set of reactions such as $A + B \to C$, representing that if a molecule of $A$ and $B$ collide, they disappear and a molecule of $C$ is produced.…
Biological regulatory networks depend upon chemical interactions to process information. Engineering such molecular computing systems is a major challenge for synthetic biology and related fields. The chemical reaction network (CRN) model…
We study the composability of discrete chemical reaction networks (CRNs) that stably compute (i.e., with probability 0 of error) integer-valued functions $f:\mathbb{N}^d\to\mathbb{N}$. We consider output-oblivious CRNs in which the output…
Chemical reaction networks (CRNs) formally model chemistry in a well-mixed solution. CRNs are widely used to describe information processing occurring in natural cellular regulatory networks, and with upcoming advances in synthetic biology,…
Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) provide a useful abstraction of molecular interaction networks in which molecular structures as well as mass conservation principles are abstracted away to focus on the main dynamical properties of the…
We study the model of continuous chemical reaction networks (CRNs), consisting of reactions such as $A+B \to C+D$ that can transform some continuous, nonnegative real-valued quantity (called a *concentration*) of chemical species $A$ and…
Embedding computation in biochemical environments incompatible with traditional electronics is expected to have wide-ranging impact in synthetic biology, medicine, nanofabrication and other fields. Natural biochemical systems are typically…
Molecular computation based on chemical reaction networks (CRNs) has emerged as a promising paradigm for designing programmable biochemical systems. However, the implementation of complex computations still requires excessively large and…
Artificial neural networks (NNs) can be implemented using chemical reaction networks (CRNs), where the concentrations of species act as inputs and outputs. In such biochemical computing, noise-robust computing is crucial due to the…
Formal methods have enabled breakthroughs in many fields, such as in hardware verification, machine learning and biological systems. The key object of interest in systems biology, synthetic biology, and molecular programming is chemical…
The Turing completeness of continuous Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs) states that any computable real function can be computed by a continuous CRN on a finite set of molecular species, possibly restricted to elementary reactions, i.e.…
We classify the functions $f:\mathbb{N}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ which are stably computable by output-oblivious Stochastic Chemical Reaction Networks (CRNs), i.e., systems of reactions in which output species are never reactants. While it…
This paper answers an open question of Chen, Doty, and Soloveichik [1], who showed that a function f:N^k --> N^l is deterministically computable by a stochastic chemical reaction network (CRN) if and only if the graph of f is a semilinear…
Chemical reaction networks (CRN) comprise an important class of models to understand biological functions such as cellular information processing, the robustness and control of metabolic pathways, circadian rhythms, and many more. However,…
Motivation: A Chemical Reaction Network (CRN) is a set of chemical reactions, which can be very complex and difficult to analyze. Indeed, dynamical properties of CRNs can be described by a set of non-linear differential equations that…
The behavior of some stochastic chemical reaction networks is largely unaffected by slight inaccuracies in reaction rates. We formalize the robustness of state probabilities to reaction rate deviations, and describe a formal connection…
This paper studies the (discrete) \emph{chemical reaction network (CRN)} computational model that emerged in the last two decades as an abstraction for molecular programming. The correctness of CRN protocols is typically established under…
Analysis of large continuous-time stochastic systems is a computationally intensive task. In this work we focus on population models arising from chemical reaction networks (CRNs), which play a fundamental role in analysis and design of…