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The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from field measurements, experiments and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning offers a wealth of techniques to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-02-19 Steven Brunton , Bernd Noack , Petros Koumoutsakos

Robust learning is an important issue in Scientific Machine Learning (SciML). There are several works in the literature addressing this topic. However, there is an increasing demand for methods that can simultaneously consider all the…

Physics-informed machine learning (PIML) integrates partial differential equations (PDEs) into machine learning models to solve inverse problems, such as estimating coefficient functions (e.g., the Hamiltonian function) that characterize…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Yoh-ichi Mototake , Makoto Sasaki

In recent years, the paradigms of data-driven science have become essential components of physical sciences, particularly in geophysical disciplines such as climatology. The field of hydrology is one of these disciplines where machine…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Martin Gauch , Jimmy Lin

Scientific machine learning (SciML) is increasingly applied to in-field processing, controlling, and monitoring; however, wide-area sensing, real-time demands, and strict energy and reliability constraints make centralized SciML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuchen Yuan , Junhuan Yang , Hao Wan , Yipei Liu , Hanhan Wu , Youzuo Lin , Lei Yang

Floods are among the most destructive natural disasters, which are highly complex to model. The research on the advancement of flood prediction models contributed to risk reduction, policy suggestion, minimization of the loss of human life,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Amir Mosavi , Pinar Ozturk , Kwok-wing Chau

Unstructured grid data are essential for modelling complex geometries and dynamics in computational physics. Yet, their inherent irregularity presents significant challenges for conventional machine learning (ML) techniques. This paper…

Scientific Large Language Models (Sci-LLMs) are transforming how knowledge is represented, integrated, and applied in scientific research, yet their progress is shaped by the complex nature of scientific data. This survey presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ming Hu , Chenglong Ma , Wei Li , Wanghan Xu , Jiamin Wu , Jucheng Hu , Tianbin Li , Guohang Zhuang , Jiaqi Liu , Yingzhou Lu , Ying Chen , Chaoyang Zhang , Cheng Tan , Jie Ying , Guocheng Wu , Shujian Gao , Pengcheng Chen , Jiashi Lin , Haitao Wu , Lulu Chen , Fengxiang Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao , Feilong Tang , Encheng Su , Junzhi Ning , Xinyao Liu , Ye Du , Changkai Ji , Pengfei Jiang , Cheng Tang , Ziyan Huang , Jiyao Liu , Jiaqi Wei , Yuejin Yang , Xiang Zhang , Guangshuai Wang , Yue Yang , Huihui Xu , Ziyang Chen , Yizhou Wang , Chen Tang , Jianyu Wu , Yuchen Ren , Siyuan Yan , Zhonghua Wang , Zhongxing Xu , Shiyan Su , Shangquan Sun , Runkai Zhao , Zhisheng Zhang , Dingkang Yang , Jinjie Wei , Jiaqi Wang , Jiahao Xu , Jiangtao Yan , Wenhao Tang , Hongze Zhu , Yu Liu , Fudi Wang , Yiqing Shen , Yuanfeng Ji , Yanzhou Su , Tong Xie , Hongming Shan , Chun-Mei Feng , Zhi Hou , Diping Song , Lihao Liu , Yanyan Huang , Lequan Yu , Bin Fu , Shujun Wang , Xiaomeng Li , Xiaowei Hu , Yun Gu , Ben Fei , Benyou Wang , Yuewen Cao , Minjie Shen , Jie Xu , Haodong Duan , Fang Yan , Hongxia Hao , Jielan Li , Jiajun Du , Yanbo Wang , Imran Razzak , Zhongying Deng , Chi Zhang , Lijun Wu , Conghui He , Zhaohui Lu , Jinhai Huang , Wenqi Shao , Yihao Liu , Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Xiaohong Liu , Fenghua Ling , Yuqiang Li , Aoran Wang , Siqi Sun , Qihao Zheng , Nanqing Dong , Tianfan Fu , Dongzhan Zhou , Yan Lu , Wenlong Zhang , Jin Ye , Jianfei Cai , Yirong Chen , Wanli Ouyang , Yu Qiao , Zongyuan Ge , Shixiang Tang , Junjun He , Chunfeng Song , Lei Bai , Bowen Zhou

Metal additive manufacturing enables unprecedented design freedom and the production of customized, complex components. However, the rapid melting and solidification dynamics inherent to metal AM processes generate heterogeneous,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 D. Patel , R. Sharma , Y. B. Guo

Scientific machine learning (SciML) has emerged as a versatile approach to address complex computational science and engineering problems. Within this field, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and deep operator networks (DeepONets)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Joel Hayford , Jacob Goldman-Wetzler , Eric Wang , Lu Lu

Finding the initial depth-to-water table (DTWT) configuration of a catchment is a critical challenge when simulating the hydrological cycle with integrated models, significantly impacting simulation outcomes. Traditionally, this involves…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Louisa Pawusch , Stefania Scheurer , Wolfgang Nowak , Reed Maxwell

Machine learning (ML) offers powerful methods for detecting and modeling associations often in data with large feature spaces and complex associations. Many useful tools/packages (e.g. scikit-learn) have been developed to make the various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Ryan J. Urbanowicz , Robert Zhang , Yuhan Cui , Pranshu Suri

There is growing interest in using machine learning (ML) methods for structural metamodeling due to the substantial computational cost of traditional simulations. Purely data-driven strategies often face limitations in model robustness,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 R. Bailey Bond , Pu Ren , Jerome F. Hajjar , Hao Sun

Simulating ecohydrological processes is essential for understanding complex environmental systems and guiding sustainable management amid accelerating climate change and human pressures. Process-based models provide physical realism but can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Long Jiang , Yang Yang , Ting Fong May Chui , Morgan Thornwell , Hoshin Vijai Gupta

Scientific modeling faces a tradeoff between the interpretability of mechanistic theory and the predictive power of machine learning. While existing hybrid approaches have made progress by incorporating domain knowledge into machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Carson Dudley , Reiden Magdaleno , Christopher Harding , Marisa Eisenberg

The use of machine learning (ML) techniques has allowed rapid advancements in many scientific and engineering fields. One of these problems is that of surface soil taxonomy, a research area previously hindered by the reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Haley Dozier , Althea Henslee , Ashley Abraham , Andrew Strelzoff , Mark Chappell

Unraveling the connections between microscopic structure, emergent physical properties, and slow dynamics has long been a challenge when studying the glass transition. The absence of clear visible structural order in amorphous…

Scientific machine learning research spans diverse domains and data modalities, yet existing benchmark efforts remain siloed and lack standardization. This makes novel and transformative applications of machine learning to critical…

Predicting the spatiotemporal variation in streamflow along with uncertainty quantification enables decision-making for sustainable management of scarce water resources. Process-based hydrological models (aka physics-based models) are based…

The use of machine learning in Structural Health Monitoring is becoming more common, as many of the inherent tasks (such as regression and classification) in developing condition-based assessment fall naturally into its remit. This chapter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Elizabeth J Cross , Samuel J Gibson , Matthew R Jones , Daniel J Pitchforth , Sikai Zhang , Timothy J Rogers