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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI systems by enabling communication with machines using natural language. Recent developments in Generative AI (GenAI) like Vision-Language Models (GPT-4V) and Gemini have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Jakub M. Tomczak

Biological brains demonstrate complex neural activity, where neural dynamics are critical to how brains process information. Most artificial neural networks ignore the complexity of individual neurons. We challenge that paradigm. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Luke Darlow , Ciaran Regan , Sebastian Risi , Jeffrey Seely , Llion Jones

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research across all disciplines is becoming ubiquitous. However, this ubiquity is largely driven by hyperspecific AI models developed during scientific studies for accomplishing a well-defined,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rishab Jain , Aditya Jain

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Large Models (LVLMs) excel in single-turn tasks but face significant challenges in multi-turn interactions requiring deep contextual understanding and complex visual reasoning, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Weijie Shen , Xinrui Wang , Yuanqi Nie , Apiradee Boonmee

Despite remarkable advances, today's AI systems remain narrow in scope, falling short of the flexible, adaptive, and multisensory intelligence that characterizes human capabilities. This gap has fueled longstanding debates about whether AI…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-07 Haofei Yu , Yining Zhao , Lenore Blum , Manuel Blum , Paul Pu Liang

Foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs), have been widely recognised as transformative AI technologies due to their capabilities to understand and generate content, including plans with reasoning capabilities. Foundation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Zhenchang Xing , Stefan Harrer , Jon Whittle

This paper investigates whether contemporary AI architectures employing deep recursion, meta-learning, and self-referential mechanisms provide evidence of machine consciousness. Integrating philosophical history, cognitive science, and AI…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-04 Llewellin RG Jegels

Intelligent systems must maintain and manipulate task-relevant information online to adapt to dynamic environments and changing goals. This capacity, known as working memory, is fundamental to human reasoning and intelligence. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Jiaqi Huang , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joseph Bingham

There is growing consensus that language model (LM) developers should not be the sole deciders of LM behavior, creating a need for methods that enable the broader public to collectively shape the behavior of LM systems that affect them. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Saffron Huang , Divya Siddarth , Liane Lovitt , Thomas I. Liao , Esin Durmus , Alex Tamkin , Deep Ganguli

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence necessitates robust methods for evaluating the cognitive capabilities of models beyond narrow task performance. Here, we introduce a psychometric framework to assess the cognitive profiles of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Isaac Galatzer-Levy , Daniel McDuff , Xin Liu , Jed McGiffin

As Radio Access Networks (RAN) evolve toward AI-native architectures, intelligent modules such as xApps and rApps are expected to make increasingly autonomous decisions across scheduling, mobility, and resource management domains. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Sebastian Barros

Education in the era of generative AI faces a pivotal transformation. As AI systems reshape professional practices-from software development to creative design-educators must reconsider how to prepare students for a future where humans and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Xinran Zhu , Liam Magee , Peg Mischler

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses large language model (LLM) hallucinations by grounding responses in external knowledge, but its effectiveness is compromised by poor-quality retrieved contexts containing irrelevant or noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiale Deng , Yanyan Shen , Ziyuan Pei , Youmin Chen , Linpeng Huang

In the age of generative AI and ubiquitous digital tools, human cognition faces a structural paradox: as external aids become more capable, internal memory systems risk atrophy. Drawing on neuroscience and cognitive psychology, this paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Barbara Oakley , Michael Johnston , Ken-Zen Chen , Eulho Jung , Terrence J. Sejnowski

Human interaction with the external world fundamentally involves the exchange of personal memory, whether with other individuals, websites, applications, or, in the future, AI agents. A significant portion of this interaction is redundant,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jiale Wei , Xiang Ying , Tao Gao , Fangyi Bao , Felix Tao , Jingbo Shang

Learning continually from a stream of non-i.i.d. data is an open challenge in deep learning, even more so when working in resource-constrained environments such as embedded devices. Visual models that are continually updated through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Clea Rebillard , Julio Hurtado , Andrii Krutsylo , Lucia Passaro , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Background: Metacognition has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance autonomy and adaptability of artificial agents but remains a fragmented field: diverse theories, terminologies, and design choices have led to…

Recent advances in agentic AI have led to systems capable of autonomous task execution and language-based reasoning, yet their spatial reasoning abilities remain limited and underexplored, largely constrained to symbolic and sequential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Bui Duc Manh , Soumyaratna Debnath , Zetong Zhang , Shriram Damodaran , Arvind Kumar , Yueyi Zhang , Lu Mi , Erik Cambria , Lin Wang